Microstructure and Deformation of 57Fe17Cr25NiSi Austenitic Super Alloy after Arc Plasma Sintering
Corresponding email: mdani6770@gmail.com
Published at : 30 Oct 2019
Volume : IJtech
Vol 10, No 5 (2019)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i5.2991
Dani, M., Dimyati, A., Parikin., Adhika, D.R., Jahja, A.K., Insani, A., Syahbuddin., Huang, C.A., 2019. Microstructure and Deformation of 57Fe17Cr25NiSi Austenitic Super Alloy after Arc Plasma Sintering. International Journal of Technology. Volume 10(5), pp. 988-998
| Mohammad Dani | Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, BATAN Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang 151314, Indonesia |
| Arbi Dimyati | Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials – BATAN, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang 151314, Indonesia |
| Parikin | Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials – BATAN, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang 151314, Indonesia |
| Damar Rastri Adhika | -Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia -Engineering Physics Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, |
| Aziz Khan Jahja | Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, BATAN Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang 151314, Indonesia |
| Andon Insani | Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, BATAN Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang 151314, Indonesia |
| Syahbuddin | Pancasila University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technik, Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640 Indonesia |
| Ching An Huang | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan |
The microstructure and
deformation of 57Fe17Cr25NiSi super
alloy are investigated in this study. The super alloy was produced from a
mixture of granular ferro-scrap, ferro chrome, ferro silicon and ferro
manganese raw materials by the casting method and then sintered using arc
plasma for 4 and 8 minutes. The super alloy has been proposed in nuclear as
well as fossil power plant facilities, such as vessels and heat exchangers. A
combination of microscopy investigations by means of X-ray diffraction and high-resolution
powder diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and
transmission electron microscopy techniques
was conducted in order to obtain detailed
information about the deformation of super alloy steel and its microstructures, especially fine structures. It was
found that the austenitic super alloy microstructure
is composed of dendrites of g-austenite, which are separated by a
eutectic structure of Fe-Cr-C alloy. Arc plasma sintering for 4 to 8 minutes
leads to a decrease in the area of the eutectic structure at the
inter-dendrites and forms micro straine, from 4.60×10-3 to 5.39-4.06×10-4.
APS, HRPD, SEM, TEM, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
In the last decade, Indonesia has been preparing new energy plans to start on a nuclear energy option in anticipation of the country’s impending energy crisis. Within this framework, the Indonesian National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) is at the forefront of realizing the government’s plan to utilize nuclear energy to overcome the energy problem. In this context, part of the BATAN energy master plan provides for the development of an experimental nuclear power plant with a capacity of 10 MW. The proposed subsequent BATAN nuclear reactor plant will be a High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) type. Certain requirements for the structural reactor materials, such as heat-exchanger pipes and vessels, must be met; among these is that the materials should have good corrosion and creep resistance. Further requirements include good high-temperature response to an applied mechanical load, as well as good neutron irradiation resistance (Yvon & Carré, 2009). Meanwhile, to support the master plan, the research group for nuclear reactor material at BATAN has successfully synthesized the 57Fe17Cr25NiSi super alloy using local materials. Such material has great potential for use in a variety of high-temperature applications (Effendi et al., 2012; Effendi & Jahja, 2014). In this study, a new 57Fe17Cr25NiSi non-standard super alloy is produced using a new Arc Plasma Sintering (APS) method (Bandriyana et al., 2017) conducted at high temperature. APS has been developed at PSTBM-BATAN and has proven to be successful in reducing both time and energy consumption in the manufacturing process.
To develop alloys with reliable and
improved mechanical and thermal properties, various methods are
used by adding different elements
such as Nb, Ti, Zr, V, W, Co and Mo
into the super alloy, and by the hardening of solid solutions for the matrix
and hardening precipitation for both the matrix and grain boundaries. Several
studies (for
example, Hong et al., 2001;
Geddes et al., 2010;; Fukunaga et al., 2014; Silva et al., 2017; Dani et al., 2018) have conducted heat treatment and cooling
with various media to modify the microstructure of g-austenite
and the grain boundary to achieve alow density of (Fe,Cr)23C6
particles and Cr deflection zones. In fact, grain boundary in the austenitic
super alloy may be constructed by the eutectic structures of Fe-Cr-C alloys
consisting of M23C6 islands and a precipitate free zone (Choi et al., 1996); M23C6 particles (Kaneko et al., 2011);or just the Cr deflection zones of g-austenite.
Some continuous carbide islands and Cr deflection zones were still found at the
boundary of inter-dendrites. The high density of carbide islands and Cr
deflection zones at grain boundaries contributes to the decrease in creep
resistance
(Choi et al., 1996). Some
efforts have been made to
reduce this formation, but the
results have been not satisfactory. In order to overcome these problems, in
this study the super alloy is qualitatively improved and produced using the new
technology of Arc Plasma Sintering.
This technique causes the onset of an
inter diffusion process among the dendrites and in general is expected to be
able to modify the structure of the austenitic super alloy and the dendrite
boundary area, particularly its environment. In this work, the evolution of the
microstructures including the boundaries of the inter-dendrites, and the
deformation of the austenitic super alloy after APS treatment, are studied.
Both the XRD and the neutron High Resolution Powder Diffraction (HRPD) methods
are employed to determine and confirm the formation of the austenitic phase in
the alloy. In addition, the Williamson-Hall (WH) method is used to analyze the
XRD FWHM parameter (Irfana et al., 2018) obtained from the Gaussian function fit
to the XRD reflection intensity. From the WH changes in the grainsize, the
micro strain of the sample can be
observed, and the micro deformation confirmed. To assess the extent of
deformation associated with the sintering time of the super alloy samples,
optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) were employed for the detailed observation of the
sample’s microstructures.
Based on the extensive discussion of the effect
of sintering time on the microstructure, deformation and sythesis of the 57Fe17Cr25NiSi
austenitic super alloy presented above, the
following conclusion can be
drawn. The
microstructure of 57Fe17Cr25NiSi austenitic
super alloy formed either as-cast or as sintered samples
consists of dendrites of g-austenite as the matrix, separated by a
eutectic structure of the Fe-Cr-C alloy. 4 to 8
minutes’ sintering
time decreases the number of islands of the (Cr,Fe)23C6 carbide in the eutectic structure at the grain
boundary. No
significant effect of sintering time was observed in the particles of the (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbide at the dendrite edges. Finally, the 4 to 8
minutes sintering time also decreases the microstrain of the 57Fe17Cr25NiSi austenitic
super alloy.
The authors would like to
express their gratitude to the Head of the Center for Science and Technology of
Advanced Material for his valuable support. They would also like to thank the head of BSBM and
BTBN who facilitated the research, Mr. Agus Sudjatno for
assisting us with the SEM and Mr. Bambang Sugeng for the help with the XRD experiments.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| R3-MME-2991-20190823154241.jpg | Figure 2. X-Ray Diffraction Pattern and Rietveld refinement result of 57Fe17Cr25NiSi super alloy |
| R3-MME-2991-20190823154300.jpg | Figure 3. Gaussian fit to the (111) reflection peak of the 57Fe17Cr25NiSi super alloy |
| R3-MME-2991-20190823154316.jpg | Figure 4. Williamson-Hall plot for the 57Fe17Cr25NiSi super alloy |
| R3-MME-2991-20190823154329.jpg | Figure 5. HRPD neutron diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinement result of the 57Fe17Cr25NiSi super alloy after Arc Plasma Sintering for time of 4 minutes |
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