Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticlecoated Abaca (Musa textilis) Fibers for the Antibacterial and Mechanical Enhancement of Biodegradable Composite Films

Environmentally friendly and biodegradable composites are increasingly being studied for use in compatible films, safe food packaging, and wound dressings. Strengthening composite films with modified natural fibers has received limited attention. In this study, biodegradable composite films reinforced with abaca fibers coated with copper nanoparticles were successfully prepared. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were incorporated to provide both antimicrobial and conductive properties. Copper nanoparticle-coated abaca (banana) fibers (CuNPs) were synthesized by the stepwise reduction method, in which the nanoparticles were first prepared and subsequently immobilized onto abaca fibers (AF). This method produced stronger treated fibers than those prepared using a simultaneous reduction method. CuNPs on the surface of PVA-coated AF are nanosized and well-dispersed particles, resulting in higher electrical conductivity compared with the control (PVA-AF only). The incorporation of CuNP-coated PVA-AF into the composite film matrix (containing PVA, tapioca starch, glycerol, and chitosan) significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation compared with the control film. The thickness of films containing higher PVA content (60%–80%) increased compared with those with lower PVA proportions. A similar trend was observed for the water absorption, tensile strength, and elongation properties. The antibacterial activity of CuNP-coated AF showed an inhibition zone of 14 mm, which was comparable to that of gentamicin (17 mm). However, the antibacterial effect was localized and did not diffuse throughout the film.

Banana fibers; Copper nanoparticles; Conducting film; Polyvinyl alcohol; Tapioca

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