• International Journal of Technology (IJTech)
  • Vol 8, No 8 (2017)

Production of a Biopesticide Based on a Cysteine Protease Enzyme from Latex and Papaya (Carica Papaya) for Spodoptera Litura in Red Chili Peppers (Capsicum Annuum)

Production of a Biopesticide Based on a Cysteine Protease Enzyme from Latex and Papaya (Carica Papaya) for Spodoptera Litura in Red Chili Peppers (Capsicum Annuum)

Title: Production of a Biopesticide Based on a Cysteine Protease Enzyme from Latex and Papaya (Carica Papaya) for Spodoptera Litura in Red Chili Peppers (Capsicum Annuum)
Anondho Wijanarko, Danti Firda Nur, Muhamad Sahlan, Nadia Tuada Afnan, Tania Surya Utami, Heri Hermansyah

Corresponding email:


Published at : 27 Dec 2017
Volume : IJtech Vol 8, No 8 (2017)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i8.788

Cite this article as:
Wijanarko, A., Nur, D.F., Sahlan, M., Afnan, N.T., Utami, T.S., Hermansyah, H., 2017. Production of a Biopesticide Based on a Cysteine Protease Enzyme from Latex and Papaya (Carica Papaya) for Spodoptera Litura in Red Chili Peppers (Capsicum Annuum). International Journal of Technology. Volume 8(8), pp.1455-1461

1,147
Downloads
Anondho Wijanarko Universitas Indonesia
Danti Firda Nur Universitas Indonesia
Muhamad Sahlan Universitas Indonesia
Nadia Tuada Afnan Universitas Indonesia
Tania Surya Utami Universitas Indonesia
Heri Hermansyah - Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
-
Email to Corresponding Author

Abstract
Production of a Biopesticide Based on a Cysteine Protease Enzyme from Latex and Papaya (Carica Papaya) for Spodoptera Litura in Red Chili Peppers (Capsicum Annuum)

Spodoptera litura is one of the major pests on red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum). Larvae damage crops by biting, chewing, and then eating the lower surface of the leaves. The leaves became transparent white, and severe damage only leaves the leaf’s midrib and veins. Papaya latex (Carica papaya) could be used as a pesticide because it contains cysteine protease, which is a substance that can inhibit the insects from eating the leaves or even kill the pests. The purpose of this study was to produce an organic pesticide from the cysteine protease extracted from papaya latex that is effective against Spodoptera litura. A completely randomized design was used with latex from papaya leaves, papaya rind, and papaya fruit. The methods used were blending and tapping. The blending method was conducted via a chemical extraction using buffer phosphate and ammonium sulfate. The tapping method was conducted via a chemical extraction using acetone. These methods were compared by using an enzyme activity test and efficacy test. The enzyme activity test used a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the efficacy test was done on Spodoptera litura larvae, which were given red chili pepper leaf covered with an organic pesticide from cysteine protease.

Cysteine protease; Papaya latex; Red chili pepper; Spodoptera litura

Conclusion

The protease activity assay of the crude papain extracts revealed that the greatest activity was observed in an extract from the rind of the papaya conducted through the blending method. Furthermore, the odor test showed that the crude papain extract was best stored at 10°C. The protease activity of papain extract reached up to 98 ppm. This high protease activity resulted from papain extract that was stored at a temperature of 37°C. The efficacy test showed that the papain extract was powerful enough to kill Spodoptera litura, especially in wet conditions.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank for the support provided by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia, Universitas Indonesia, and USAID SHERA.

References

Abbott, W.S., 1925. A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 18(2), pp. 265–267

Ardini, S.P., Ibrahim, M., Trimulyono, G., 2014. Efektivitas Pemberian Getah Pepaya (Carica papaya) pada Tanaman Cabai Merah terhadap Penurunan Serangan Begomovirus (The Effectiveness of Giving Papaya Latex (Carica papaya) on Red Chili Plants to Reduction of Begomovirus Attacks). Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknologi Pendidikan, Volume 3(3), pp. 198–2013

Bauer, M.W., Halio, S.B., Kelly, R.M., 1996. Proteases and Glycosyl Hydrolase from Hyperthermophilic Microorganism. Advance in Protein Chemistry, Volume 48, pp. 271–310

Djojosumarto, P., 2008. Pestisida dan Aplikasinya (Pesticides and their Applications). Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta

Haq, S.K., Atif, S.M., Khan, R.H., 2004. Protein Proteinase Inhibitor Genes in Combat against Insects, Pests, and Pathogens: Natural and Engineered Phytoprotection. Archives Biochemistry Biophysics, Volume 431(1), pp. 145–159

Harrison, R.L., Bonning, B.C., 2010. Proteases as Insecticidal Agents. Toxins, Volume 2(5), pp. 935–953

Marwoto, Suharsono, 2008. Strategi dan Komponen Teknologi Pengendalian Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura) pada Tanaman Kedelai (Strategy and Component of Armyworn (Spodoptera litura) on Soybean Plants). Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, Volume 27(4), pp. 131–136

Mursyahadah, N., Hartani, N., Hendra, M., 2015. Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Tigaron (Crateva religiosa g. Forst.) terhadap Mortalitas Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) di Laboratorium (Effectiveness Test of Tigaron Leaf Extract (Crateva religiosa g Forst.) on Mortality of Armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Laboratory). Prosiding Seminar Sains dan Teknologi FMIPA Unmul, Surabaya

Pechan, T., Ye, L., Chang, Y., Mitra, A., Lin, L., Davis, F.M., Williams, W.P., Luthe, D.S., 2000. A Unique 33-kD Cysteine Proteinase Accumulates in Response to Larval Feeding in Maize Genotypes Resistant to Fall Armyworm and other Lepidoptera. Plant Cell, Volume 12(7), pp. 1031–104

Qiao, Y., Tong, J., Wei, S., Du, X., Tang, X., 2009. Economic Methods of Ginger Protease’s Extraction and Purification. In: IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 295, Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, Volume 3, eds. D. Li, Z. Chunjiang, Springer, Boston, USA, pp. 1619–1628

Syakir, M., Munarso, J., Yusniarti, S., Budiharto, A., 2012. Pestisida Nabati (Vegetable Pesticides). Ministry of Agriculture: Center for Plantation Research and Development

Taufik, Y., 2015. Statistik Produksi Hortikultura (Horticultural Production Statistics). Directorate General of Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, Indonesia, pp. 16–20 

Weber, G.F., 1973. Bacterial and Fungal Diseases of Plants in the Tropics. University of Florida Press., Gainesville, USA, pp. 372–383