Numerical Investigations of SiO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticle's Addition Impact on Performance, Combustion Features, and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Operating with Water Diesel Emulsified Fuel at Different Lambda Values and Engine Speeds

Although several investigations have examined the impacts of nanoparticle addition in diesel and water-diesel emulsified fuel, little research has focused on the implication of nanoparticle inclusion in water-diesel-emulsified fuel, especially under varying engine speeds and lambda values. The current work evaluates the effects of lambda ratios (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6) and engine speeds (2000, 3000, and 4000 rpm) on the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines using three different additives: 95% diesel fuel and water at a 5% ratio (DW), 95% diesel fuel with 5% water and 50µm TiO2 (DWTIO2), and 95% diesel fuel with 5% water and 50µm SiO2 (DWSIO2). Combustion simulations were performed using the Diesel-RK program on a DEUTZ F1L511, single-cylinder, air-cooled, direct-injection diesel engine. The simulation results demonstrated that increasing the lambda ratio lowered combustion parameters, including temperature, pressure, heat release rate (HRR), smoke levels, and particulate matter emissions (PM), while increasing NO and CO2 increased. Moreover, increasing the engine speed lowered NO emissions, HRR, pressure, and temperature, whereas the emissions of CO2 and PM rose. Furthermore, adding water to diesel fuel led to a reduction in NO and PM, along with a slight decrease in HRR. Nonetheless, CO2 emissions increased. The addition of nanomaterials to the water-emulsified diesel produced the highest peak temperature, pressure, HRR, and NO emissions. Offering improved combustion efficiency and reduced pollution emissions, the mixture (DWTIO2) surpassed the mixture (DWSIO2), highlighting its potential to enhance diesel engine performance and decrease environmental impact.

Combustion; Diesel engine; Diesel-RK; Emission; TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles; Water diesel emulsified fuel

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