Formation and Particle Growth of TiO2 in Silica Xerogel Glass Ceramic During a Sintering Process

This investigation presents the synthesis procedure and the results of an investigation of the crystallite growth of TiO2 and the formation of Si–O–Ti bonds in novel silica xerogel (SiO2) glass ceramic produced from an amorphous SX derived from sago waste ash. The composition had been prepared by adding various amounts of TiO2, from 20 wt% to 80 wt%, into the amorphous SiO2, and then a series of samples were sintered at 1200°C for 2 hours. The influence of the content of TiO2 and the sintering temperature on the properties of TiO2, namely crystallite size and formation of Si–O–Ti bonds, has been studied in detail. The properties of the produced ceramics have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It has been found that an addition of SiO2 confers an appreciable effect on the quantity of Si–O–Ti bonds. The interpretation of the XRD pattern allows one to explain the increase in the crystallite size of rutile TiO2 by a decreased quantity of Si–O–Ti bonds.

Composite of TiO2-SiO2; Crystallite size; Silica xerogel; Si–O–Ti bond; Rutile TiO2; TiO2

We have successfully developed a novel composite ceramic by incorporating TiO2 in silica xerogel converted from sago waste ash. In the experiments, the content of TiO2 and the sintering temperature have been varied in order to study their influence on the properties of the produced ceramic. The results have confirmed that a complete transformation from the anatase to the rutile TiO2 phase occurs at 1200°C. A significant effect of SiO2 on the crystalline growth of rutile TiO2 is clearly observed at lower concentrations of SiO2, a finding which has not been reported before (Aripin et al., 2016). It has also been found that the formation of large quantities of Si–O–Ti bonds results in a significant decrease in the size of rutile crystallites. The results presented in this work show that the incorporation of 20 wt% to 80 wt% TiO2 into SiO2 at a temperature of 1200°C causes an appreciable effect on the crystallite size of rutile TiO2.

This research was supported by a fund of the Siliwangi University through the Project of Research for Guru Besar in 2016 (Contract number: 1140/D3/PL/2016) and was carried out in collaboration with the Nano Technology and Graphene Research Center (NTGRC), Padjadjaran University. The authors would like to thank the research team from the NTGRC for kindly helping to prepare the sintering of the samples.

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