• International Journal of Technology (IJTech)
  • Vol 8, No 8 (2017)

Membrane-Based Downstream Processing of Microbial Xylitol Production

Membrane-Based Downstream Processing of Microbial Xylitol Production

Title: Membrane-Based Downstream Processing of Microbial Xylitol Production
Ria Desiriani, Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati , I Gede Wenten

Corresponding email:


Published at : 27 Dec 2017
Volume : IJtech Vol 8, No 8 (2017)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i8.726

Cite this article as:

Desiriani, R., Kresnowati, M.T.A.P., Wenten, I.G., 2017. Membrane-Based Downstream Processing of Microbial Xylitol Production. International Journal of Technology. Volume 8(8), pp.1393-1401



1,134
Downloads
Ria Desiriani - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Institut Teknologi Bandung
I Gede Wenten - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
-
Email to Corresponding Author

Abstract
Membrane-Based Downstream Processing of Microbial Xylitol Production

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in the food industry. Xylitol can be produced from D-xylose using a fermentation process, but it then needs to be separated from the other components of the fermentation broth (e.g., metabolic products, residual substances, biomass cells, and mineral salts), before being purified as xylitol crystals. Therefore, to obtain high purity xylitol, various separation processes are required. One very promising downstream processing method is membrane separation. This study evaluated membrane-based processes for the separation of biomass cells and other impurities, determined the concentration of xylitol produced from Debaryomyces hansenii yeast fermentation broth, and proposed a polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for biomass-cell separation followed by polyamide nanofiltration (NF) to remove low-molecular-weight compounds (e.g., acetic acids) from sugars. The effects of operating pressure were examined using a fermentation broth model solution. The results showed that a higher pressure caused a higher permeate flux; however, the permeate flux’s rate flow decreased over time due to concentration polarization, and fouling in the UF and NF membranes. Nevertheless, at all pressures, UF achieved a 99% rejection of biomass cells. In addition, microscope analysis showed that no biomass cells were detected in the permeates of UF. The resulting NF concentrates revealed high xylitol retention and a beneficially lower concentration of acetic acids. The operating pressures of the UF test conditions were 1 barg and 1.5 barg, illustrating that, at a pressure of 5.5 barg, the experiments achieved reasonably high xylitol retention (above 90%) indicating negligible losses of sugar in the permeate port. Moreover, this was proven to be a feasible way to concentrate xylitol up to three times from the initial concentration of the model fermentation broth (MFB). Therefore, the results demonstrated that a two-stage combination of UF and NF is a promising system for the downstream processing of microbial xylitol production.

Biomass cells; Fermentation broth; Nanofiltration; Ultrafiltration; Xylitol

Conclusion

The results showed that the UF membrane can remove biomass cells from fermentation broth. UF showed great performance for the retention of biomass cells, in that no cells were observed in the UF permeate. An increase in the applied pressure did not significantly increase the steady-state UF fluxes of the UF permeate. Increasing the applied NF pressure tended to increase xylitol retention and increased the initial permeate flux, despite the faster decrease in the flux due to the resulting concentration polarization and membrane fouling. 

The optimum test conditions were achieved by applying a UF pressure of 1 barg and an NF pressure of 5.5 barg, giving a 3.3-times xylitol concentration of the feed solution. Overall, the combination of both the UF and NF processes was shown to be a promising process configuration to purify and concentrate xylitol obtained from a fermentation process.

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the Directorate of Higher Education, Indonesian Ministry of National Education (DIKTI) under the scheme for Fundamental Research.

References

Abels, C., Thimm, K., Wulfhorst, H., Antje, C.S, Matthias, W., 2013.  Membrane-based Recovery of Glucose from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Cellulose. Bioresource Technology, Volume 149, pp. 58–64

Affleck, R.P., 2000. Recovery of Xylitol from Fermentation of Model Hydrolysate using Membrane Technology. Master’s Thesis, State University of Virginia, Virginia, America

Ahsan, L., Jahan, M.S., Ni, Y., 2014. Recovering/Concentrating of Hemicellulosic Sugars and Acetic Acid by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis from Prehydrolysis Liquor of Kraft Based Hardwood Dissolving Pulp Process. Bioresource Technology, Volume 155, pp. 111–115

Cheryan, M., 1998. Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Handbook. 2nd Edition. Lancaster, England

Guirimand, G., Sasaki, K., Inokuma, K., Bamba, T., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A., 2015. Cell Surface Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Combined with Membrane Separation Technology for Xylitol Production from Rice Straw Hydrolysate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, Volume 100(8), pp. 3477–3487 

Kresnowati, M.T.A.P., Desiriani, R., Wenten, I.G., 2017. Ultrafiltration of Hemicellulose Hydrolysate Fermentation Broth. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1818, pp. 020024

Kresnowati, M.T.A.P., Setiadi, T., Tantra, T.M., David., 2016. Microbial Production of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Hydrolysate: Effects of Inoculum and pH. J.Eng. Technol. Sci, Volume 48(5), pp. 523–533

Li, Y., Shahbazi, A., Kadzere, C.T., 2006. Separation of Cells and Proteins from Fermentation Broth using Ultrafiltration. Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 75, pp. 574–580

Lyu, H., Fang, Y., Ren, S., Chen, K., Luo, G., Zhang, S., Chen, J., 2016. Monophenols Separation from Monosaccharides and Acids by Two-stage Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis in Hydrothermal Liquefaction Hydrolysates. Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 504, pp. 141–152

Mardawati, E., Wira, D.W., Kresnowati, M.T.A.P., Purwadi, R., Setiadi, T., 2015. Microbial Production of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Hydrolysate: The Effect of Glucose Concentration. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, Volume  94, pp. 769–774

Mart?nez, E.A., Silva, S.S., Almeida e Silva, J.B., Solenzal, A.I.N., Felipe, M.G.A., 2003. The Influence of pH and Dilution Rate on Continuous Production of Xylitol from Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate by C. Guilliermondii. Process Biochemistry, Volume 38, pp. 1677–1683

Murthy, G.S., Sridhar, S., Shyam Sunder, M., Shankaraiah, B., Ramakrishn, M., 2005. Concentration of Xylose Reaction Liquor by Nanofiltration for the Production of Xylitol Sugar Alcohol. Separation and Purification Technology, Volume 44, pp. 205–211

Nguyen, N., Fargues, C., Guiga, W., Lameloise, M.L., 2015. Assessing Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis for the Detoxification of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates. Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 487, pp. 40–50

Sasaki, K., Tsuge, Y., Sasaki, D., Hasunuma, T., Sakamoto, T., Sakihama, Y., Ogino, C., Kondo, A., 2014. Optimized Membrane Process to Increase Hemicellulosic Ethanol Production from Pretreated Rice Straw by Recombinant Xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Bioresource Technology, Volume 169, pp. 380–386

Sjoman, E., Mantt, M., Nystrom, M., Koivikko, H., Heikkila, H., 2008. Xylose Recovery by Nanofiltration from Different Hemicellulose Hydrolyzate Feeds. Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 310, pp. 268–277

Weng, Y.H., Wei, H.J., Tsai, T.Y., Lin, T.., Wei, T.Y., Guo, G.L., Huang, C.P., 2010. Separation of Furans and Carboxylic Acids from Sugars in Dilute Acid Rice Straw Hydrolyzates by Nanofiltration. Bioresource Technology, Volume 101, pp. 4889–4894

Yadav, M., Mishra, D.K., Hwang, J.S., 2012. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Xylose to Xylitol using Ruthenium Catalyst on NiO Modified TiO2 Support. Applied Catalysis A: General, Volume 425, pp. 110–116

Zhou, F., Wang, C., Wei, J., 2013a. Separation of Acetic Acid from Monosaccharides by NF and RO Membranes: Performance Comparison. Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 429, pp. 243–251

Zhou, F., Wang, C., Wei, J., 2013b. Simultaneous Acetic Acid Separation and Monosaccharide Concentration by Reverse Osmosis. Bioresource Technology, Volume 131, pp. 349–356