Published at : 27 Dec 2022
Volume : IJtech
Vol 13, No 7 (2022)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i7.6210
Andrey Zaytsev | Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation |
Nikolay Dmitriev | Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation |
Dmitry Bunkovsky | East Siberian institute of the Ministry of internal affairs of Russia, Lermontov str., 110, 664074, Irkutsk, Russian Federation |
Rinat Faizullin | MIREA – Russian Technological University, Vernadsky ave., 78, 119454, Moscow, Russian Federation |
Intellectual capital determines the strategic competitiveness of
enterprises in any industry, but there are still no universal approaches to managing
intellectual development in the corporate environment. The functioning of the
industrial complex is associated with the active use of intellectual resources.
This article discusses the assessment of the intellectual capabilities of
enterprises based on audit and digital transformation. The article aims to
create a model for auditing the intellectual capital at the industrial
enterprise focusing on digital analysis of data from open sources. The object
of the article is the intellectual capital of industrial enterprises. Within
the framework of the study, a mechanism for evaluating individual components of
intellectual capital was developed, taking into account their significance for
industrial enterprises. Audit activities will make it possible to identify
problem areas and improve the efficiency of managing specific knowledge and
resources. The study is based on the digital analysis of corporate enterprise
reporting for auditing. The authors believe those audit activities will
facilitate the formation of new approaches to identifying bottlenecks in the
field of industrial intellectualization. The research resulted in the
determination of a number of coefficients, on which it is proposed to build an
integral assessment of the intellectual capital of an enterprise and develop
recommendations for resolving problems to ensure the intellectual growth of an
enterprise.
Audit activities; Industrial production; Innovative development; Intellectual capital; Intellectualization
Intellectual capital management (hereinafter referred to as IC) is imperative for the effective development of economic entities. Intellectualization embraces the dynamic relationship of organizational learning, innovation, skills, competencies, experience and knowledge (Sarlija & Stani, 2017). The functioning of a modern enterprise is impossible without IC. The evolution of business in the information space has led to an increase in the importance of the intellectual component, while the financial and industrial aspect is left in the background (Xia, 2010). Such approaches lead to an expansion of ways to maintain competitiveness based on the practical use of intellectual resources (Klein, 2009). Intangible values have acquired a basic role in the functioning of business structures, determining the relevance of research in the field of studying the issues of intellectual efficiency (Roy, 2013). The relevance of studying the processes of creating intellectual efficiency in the business environment is growing. Over the past decades, the emphasis on creating an effective organizational structure has shifted towards human resource management and the continuous reproduction of knowledge.
At the same time, the assessment of the
knowledge structure is a complicated process since there are some implicit
factors that are difficult to take into account in the innovation policy of
enterprises (Edler & Fagerberg, 2017).
Objective trends in various segments of the national economy raise the question
of the need to develop methods for assessing IC. Despite the importance of
intellectual resources, there are still no universal approaches to managing
intellectual development (de Pablos, 2020).
Thus, the scientific problem lies in the lack of methods for assessing IC.
The object of the study is the IC of industrial enterprises. It is
advisable to focus on industrial enterprises, as they act as drivers of
economic growth. In this context, the justification of the efficiency of
industrial production is of interest, which is largely due to the use of
intellectual resources that contribute to increasing the intensity of
production.
It is proposed to use a methodological apparatus to determine the indicators
for calculating IC based on a digital analysis of corporate reporting available
in the public domain. These methods include auditing. The study also uses the
method of intellectual capital assessment and the method of coefficients. The
authors of this study propose to expand the apparatus for managing the
intellectual capabilities of the company using the technologies of auditing.
The purpose of the study is to consider the possibilities of conducting an IC
audit, focusing on the features of industrial production. To achieve this
purpose, a system for evaluating individual elements of IC, with an emphasis on
their importance for industrial enterprises, was devised.
Conflicts
in the business environment have a negative impact on its development. The
contradictions between owners and managers affect the enterprise management
system, pushing the vector of its development away from intellectual
trajectories (Shadova et al., 2016).
Unfortunately, this practice is common in business, and certain efforts are
required to identify negative trends. In particular, the IC audit technology
using digital tools makes it possible to identify many problem areas.
Audit
services today are becoming increasingly popular, which affects many
industries. A smart audit can provide information on assessing the potential
benefits of acquiring intellectual property rights (Nikzad, 2015). Based
on the assessment of intellectual resources, economic entities are able to
develop effective strategies to increase the level of innovation with an
acceptable complication of their intellectual development system.
The
analysis of reporting documents reveals the relationship between intellectual
property and the competitive advantages of a business. The strongest
correlation is observed in high-tech industries, for example, in the field of
IT (Roy, 2013). At the
same time, in high-tech companies, it is much easier to analyze explicit and
implicit knowledge and develop recommendations for enhancing the most
significant factors in creating intellectual efficiency (Zheng et al., 2009).
The
COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the transformation of economic and social
processes, ensuring the ongoing promotion of digitalization in all areas of
business and the acceleration of intellectual growth in the business
environment. Enterprises generate information resources, contributing to the
development of new tools for auditing intellectual elements (Rodionov et al., 2021). The acquisition of
knowledge can be considered like an asset and a potential component of the
efficiency of an enterprise and its competitive advantages. In production and
economic activities, a strategic potential is formed on the basis of the
intellectual factor, the effective management of which has already become a
generally recognized factor in improving the financial performance of business
entities (Santos-Rodrigues et al., 2012).
Industrial enterprises are developing their innovative activity and determining the coefficients to assess the effectiveness of development, taking into account their technological support. The availability of adequate economic and mathematical methods makes it possible to identify areas of development and growth in the innovation environment, and IC plays a significant role in achieving strategic innovation objectives. This practice is typical for many important industries, such as engineering and metallurgy (Savchenkov et al., 2020). For some industries, knowledge resource is an important element in modernizing production capabilities and in finding ways to optimize value-creation processes. The studies confirm that modernization is constrained not only by innovative factors but also by investment factors. For example, agriculture is forced to find ways of technical modernization, but it does not have sufficient potential to build an intellectual development strategy (Kiritsa et al., 2021; Chahal et al., 2020). The result of these problems is the intellectual inefficiency of this industrial sector.
The
sector intellectual inefficiency is determined by the authors of the study as a
set of problems related to intellectual development that is characteristic of a
particular sector of the national economy. These problems are most obvious in
the industry, represented by many sectors and manufacturing enterprises, which
makes it possible to prepare a sufficient array of data to study problem areas
and build high-quality digital models.
Sector intellectual inefficiency can seriously distort data when calculating quantitative and qualitative indicators in IC assessment; however, when comparing enterprises in one sector, it becomes possible to identify average sector values (it is recommended to take the median value) and develop relative models to identify problematic characteristics. IC audit in this context makes it possible to calculate all the necessary coefficients to compare enterprises, ignoring sector-specific information gaps that prevent obtaining an objective picture. Digital models based on the proposed algorithms allow for accelerated calculations of the values that were selected in the indicators according to the developed methodological framework (Zaytsev et al., 2020b; Burova et al., 2018).
Achieving
the success of an industrial complex in a competitive business environment is
impossible without IC. This statement is supported by many studies. The article
of Sarlija and Stani (2017) examined
the relationship between IC and enterprise’s sustainable growth. A positive
dependence of enterprise growth on human and organizational capital was
revealed. The article of Bril et
al. (2018) highlighted
the complication of the mechanisms for the formation of financial and economic
indicators through the use of intellectual factors.
These
conditions determine the improvement of the methodology of financial and
economic assessments, focusing on the new structures of innovation risk.
Researchers confirm that for the sustainable development of an industrial
enterprise, it is necessary to take into account not only financial and
production aspects but also to form a basis for managing human resources,
including their intellectual derivatives, which are the basic element for
increasing labor productivity.
A variety of approaches to determining the essential structure of IC creates a solid ground for the development of a set of measures aimed at facilitating the intellectualization of labor and diversification of mental activities