• International Journal of Technology (IJTech)
  • Vol 8, No 4 (2017)

Electrolytic Refining of Lead in Molten Chloride Electrolytes

Electrolytic Refining of Lead in Molten Chloride Electrolytes

Title: Electrolytic Refining of Lead in Molten Chloride Electrolytes
Pavel Arkhipov, Yuriy Zaykov, Yulia Khalimullina, Anna Kholkina

Corresponding email:


Cite this article as:
Arkhipov, P., Zaykov, Y., Khalimullina, Y., Kholkina, A., 2017. Electrolytic Refining of Lead in Molten Chloride Electrolytes. International Journal of Technology. Volume 8(4), pp. 572-581

1,251
Downloads
Pavel Arkhipov Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 20 Academicheskaya Street, Ekatherinburg, Russian Federation, 620990
Yuriy Zaykov Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 20 Academicheskaya Street, Ekatherinburg, Russian Federation, 620990
Yulia Khalimullina Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 20 Academicheskaya Street, Ekatherinburg, Russian Federation, 620990
Anna Kholkina Ural Federal University named after first president of Russia B.N. Eltsin, 19 Mira Street, Ekatherinburg, Russian Federation, 620002
Email to Corresponding Author

Abstract
Electrolytic Refining of Lead in Molten Chloride Electrolytes

Three types of antimony and bismuth electrolytic cells to be used for lead electrorefining were developed and tested. The electrolytic cell with the bipolar metallic electrode, the electrolytic cell with two anodes and one cathode, and the electrolytic cell with the porous diaphragm were studied. The tests demonstrated that lead is effectively separated from the metallic impurities in all constructions. Grade lead may be obtained at the cathode, and lead-antimony and lead-bismuth alloys may be produced at the anode. The electrolytic cell with a porous diaphragm was found to double the production rate and greatly decrease the electrical potential of the cell as compared to the other two constructions.

Antimony; Bismuth; Electrolytic cell; Electrolytic refining; Lead

References

Arkhipov, P., Kholkina, A., Zaykov, Yu., 2016. EMF Measurements in the Liquid Pb/PbCl2-KCl/Pb-Sb-Bi System. Journal of Electrochemical Society, Volume 163(2), pp. H30?H35

Arkhipov, P.A., Zaykov, Yu., Ashikhin V.V., Khalimullina, Yu., Tropnikov D.L., 2013. Method of Electrolytic Lead Obtaining Pat. RF No 2487199, issued 10.07.2013 (in Russian)

Arkhipov, P.A., Zaykov, Yu., Khalimullina, Yu., 2014. Electrolyzer for Thin Layer Metallic Lead Electrolytic Refining Pat. RF No 2522920, issued 21.05.2014 (in Russian)

Berawi, M.A., 2017. The Role of Technology in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Technology, Volume 8(3), pp. 362?365

 Bredikhin, V.N., Manyk N.A., Kaftanenko, A., 2005. Secondary Lead. Donetsk: DONNTU, ?p. 131 (in Russian)

Efremov, A., Apisarov, A., Arkhipov, P., Zaikov, Yu., 2010. Electrical Conductivity and Liquidus Temperature of the Molten PbCl2?KCl?PbO System. The Melts, Volume 1, pp. 29?34 (in Russian)

Efremov, A., Arkhipov P., Zaikov Yu., 2007. Constant Current Distribution Along the Liquid Metal Anode and in the PbCl2–KCl Electrolyte Bulk. News of Higher Educational Institutions. Ferrous Metallurgy, Volume 3, pp. 12?19 (in Russian)

Efremov, A., Arkhipov, P., Zaikov, Yu., 2012. Electrical Field Modelling in the Liquid Metal Anode Electrolytic Cell. The Melts, Volume 5, pp. 37?42 (in Russian)

Efremov, A., Kulik, N., Kataev, A., Arkhipov, P., Redkin, A., Chuikin, A., Arkhipov, P., Zaikov, Yu., 2016. Electrical Conductivity and Liquidus Temperature of the EQUimolar KCl?PbCl2 Mixture with Lead Oxide Additions. News of Higher Educational Institutions. Ferrous Metallurgy, Volume 5, pp. 10?16 (in Russian)

James, J., Lakshmi, S.V., Pandian, P.K., 2017. A Preliminary Investigation on the Geotechnical Properties of Blended Solid Wastes as Synthetic Fill Material. International Journal of Technology. Volume 8(3), pp. 466?476

Morachevsky, A.G., 2009. Physical Chemistry of Lead Recycling. Polytechnical University Publishing, St. Petersburg, Russia, p?. 271 (in Russian)

Nasir, S., Faizal, S., 2016. Ceramic Filters and Their Application for Cadmium Removal from Pulp Industry Effluent.  International Journal of Technology, Volume 7(5), pp. 786?794

Pershin, P., Khalimullina, Yu., Arkhipov, P., Zaikov, Yu., 2014. The Electrodeposition of Lead in LiCl?KCl?PbCl2 and LiCl?KCl?PbCl2?PbO Melts. Journal of Electrochemical Society, Volume 161(14), pp. D824?D830

Sahu, S.K., Ganesan, R., Gnanasekaran, T., 2012. Studies on the Phase Diagram of Pb-Fe-O System and Standard Molar Gibbs Energy of Formation of 'PbFe5O8.5' and Pb2Fe2O5. Journal Nuclear Materials, Volume 426, pp. 214?222

Tarasov, A.V., 2003. Metallurgical Refining of Lead Containing Secondary Materials. Gintsvetmet, Moscow, Russia, p?. 223 (in Russian)

Zaikov, Yu., Arkhipov, P., Khalimullina, Yu., Ashikhin, V., 2008. Separation of Pb-Sb Alloys by in Molten Chloride. The Melts, Volume 6, pp. 59?63 (in Russian)

Zaikov, Yu., Arkhipov, P., Khalimullina, Yu., Ashikhin, V., 2010. Cathode Processes in KCL?PbCl2 Melt. In: Proceedings of the 9th Israeli-Russian Bi-National Workshop, pp. 186?197 

Zaikov, Yu., Arkhipov, P., Khalimullina, Yu., Ashikhin, V., Khramov, A., 2008. Anode Dissolution of Pb?Sb Alloys in the Equimolar Mixture of Potassium and Lead Chlorides. News of Higher Educational Institutions. Ferrous Metallurgy, Volume 4, pp. 11?18 (in Russian)

Zaikov, Yu., Arkhipov, P., Khalimullina, Yu., Skopov, G., Pershin, P., Kholkina, A., Molchanova, N., 2010. Anode Behavior of Pb-Bi Alloys in Molten Chlorides. The Melts, Volume 6, pp. 19?25 (in Russian)