Published at : 20 Dec 2021
Volume : IJtech
Vol 12, No 6 (2021)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v12i6.5250
Arifina Febriasari | Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
Meri Suhartini | Isotopes and Radiation Applications Technology Research Center, Research organization of Nuclear Power (BATAN)- National Nuclear Energy Agency – National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulu |
Ade L. Yunus | Isotopes and Radiation Applications Technology Research Center, Research organization of Nuclear Power (BATAN)- National Nuclear Energy Agency – National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulu |
Rahmawati Rahmawati | Isotopes and Radiation Applications Technology Research Center, Research organization of Nuclear Power (BATAN)- National Nuclear Energy Agency – National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulu |
Sudirman Sudirman | Nuclear Advance Material Research Center, National Nuclear Energy Agency – National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspitek, Serpong 15310, Indonesia |
Baity Hotimah | Oil and Gas Technology Research and Development Center, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Cipulir 12230, Indonesia |
Rika F Hermana | Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Pertamina University, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia |
Sutrasno Kartohadjono | Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
Aliya Fahira | Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
Irma P Permatasari | Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
Gas
separation processes through
membrane permeation have attracted the attention of researchers
recently due to their promising applications. In this study, we modified the cellulose acetate (CA)
membrane to improve the membrane performance of CO2/CH4
gas separation. The CA membrane was modified by adding polyethylene glycol
(PEG) 400 as the carrier and N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as
the cross-linking agent. Gamma-ray from cobalt 60 was used as a reaction
initiator with variation in irradiation doses. The membrane characterization
tests were conducted using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), Fourier
transforms infrared (FTIR), and instron tensile strength tester. The
permeability and selectivity of the membranes were tested against the single
gases CO2 and CH4. The SEM analysis showed the morphology
change in the membrane surface by gamma irradiation and a crosslinking agent.
The spectra of FTIR showed a change in peak intensity on several polymer
functional groups in the presence of gamma-ray irradiation. The tensile
strength test showed that membranes with MBA have a higher mechanical strength
than those without MBA. Based on the membrane permeability and selectivity
tests, CO2 gas permeability was affected by pressure. The ideal
selectivity of CO2/CH4 shows that the irradiated membrane
has a higher selectivity than that of the non-irradiated membrane.
Cellulose acetate membrane; Fixed carrier membrane; Gamma irradiation; Gas separation; Polyethylene glycol
Various
types of technologies that can be applied for CO2 gas separation
have been investigated by many researchers, one of which is membrane technology
(Kartohardjono et al,
2017; Kusrini et al., 2018; Yulia et al., 2019). Membrane separation technology was reported to have advantages, such as being
environmentally friendly, having relatively low operating costs and low
mobility, only requiring a compact space, and ease of maintenance and operation
(Bandehali
et al., 2020). The cellulose acetate (CA) membrane is
one of the most widely used polymeric membranes for gas separation, including
CO2 and CH4 gases. Pak et
al. (2016) have investigated the use of the hollow
fiber CA membrane to separate CO2 and CH4.
However,
unmodified CA membranes tend to have a lower permeability to CO2.
Some researchers have reported that modified CA membranes could enhance CO2
permeability (Sanaeepur
et al., 2019). One of the compounds that can help
increase the permeability of the CA membrane to CO2 is polyethylene
glycol (PEG) (Wu et
al., 2015). CO2 has a good solubility in
PEG, so the addition of PEG can increase CO2 permeability (Hu et
al., 2006).
In this study, the modification of CA with PEG was carried out by adding N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linking agent and performing gamma-ray irradiation (Suhartini et al., 2020). The aim of using the crosslinking agent was to improve the mechanical stability of the membrane at the time of application (Zhang et al., 2017; Pryhazhayeva et al., 2021).
The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the irradiated polymer membrane used for CO2 gas separation. Gamma-ray irradiation increases the bond between CA, MBA, and PEG to form a copolymer that functions as a fixed carrier membrane (FCM) with the PEG molecule as the carrier. Ghobashy (2018) reported that the advantages of copolymerization irradiation are simple and safe methods. This method can accelerate the formation of polymer radicals so that it is easier for the copolymerization reaction to occur and to form a copolymer chain (Rahmawati et al., 2015). The aim of this study is to improve the performance of CA membranes with modifications using PEG as a carrier, MBA as a cross-linking agent, and gamma-ray irradiation as an accelerator for the bonding between CA, MBA, and PEG. Membrane casting was performed using the phase inversion method (Febriasari et al., 2021). The formed membrane was then characterized based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and tensile strength. The permeability and selectivity tests were conducted using single gases CO2 and CH4 to observe the membrane’s performance.
The copolymerization
of CA-PEG and CA-MBA-PEG has been carried out using gamma-ray irradiation to
form FCM. The Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) results indicate that the
irradiation process opened the carbonyl bonds in the CA molecule and changed
the intensity of some peaks. The SEM analysis showed that gamma ray irradiation
has the potential to widen the membrane pores due to the increase in molecular
density caused by the intermolecular bonding process. The mechanical test
results with tensile strength show that the CA-MBA-PEG membrane has a higher
tensile strength value than that of the CA-PEG membrane. The membrane
performance test on single gas CO2 and CH4 showed that
the ideal selectivity of the CA-PEG and CA-MBA-PEG irradiated membranes was
higher than that of the non-irradiated membranes. Ultimately, it can be
concluded that this experiment produces a membrane that is quite selective for
CO2 with good stability against pressure. For further research, it
is necessary to test the efficiency of the membrane against mixed gases and the
stability of the membrane against changes in temperature.
The
authors would like to thank the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for
funding this research. Also, thanks to Mr. Mujiono and Mr. Tavip Sugeng Sugiono
from Radiation
and Isotopes Application Technology Research Center - Research Organization of
Nuclear Power (BATAN)-BRIN for
their practical help in this work
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