Published at : 01 Apr 2022
Volume : IJtech
Vol 13, No 2 (2022)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i2.4898
Nur Zaida Zahari | Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia |
Gan Poh Yan | Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia |
Sahibin Abd Rahim | Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia |
A bioremediation study was
undertaken to assess the biodegradation efficiency of crude oil in seawater
using two locally isolated strains namely Candida tropicalis RETL-Cr1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BAS-Cr1. The inoculation was carried out
using single strains labelled as T1; Candida
tropicalis RETL-Cr1, T2; single strain Pseudomonas
aeruginosa BAS-Cr1 and T3; mixture of both cultures respectively. The
biodegradation capability of each strain was examined in a shake-flask culture
at 30?C, agitated at 200 rpm for 28 days. The growth profile was monitored by
measuring the optical density (OD600) using spectrophotometry. The
biodegradation efficiency of crude oil was quantified by comparing the initial
and final crude oil concentrations, whereas the degradation of selected
aliphatic hydrocarbons was quantified using gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) by comparing the initial and final area in chromatograms.
The present finding showed that in 5% (v/v) of crude oil, consortia cultures
had the highest degradation, with 50%, while single cultures of C. tropicalis
RETL-Cr1 and P. aeruginosa BAS-Cr1
achieved 39% and 27%, respectively. The results of biodegradation showed that
consortia cultures experienced 1.3-fold higher compared to a single culture of C. tropicalis RETL-Cr1 and 2-fold higher
compared to a single culture of P.
aeruginosa BAS-Cr1. Based on GC-MS analysis, the aliphatic hydrocarbons
were found degraded through the treatment with the highest degradation recorded
in consortia cultures: octadecane (73.93%) >
eicosane (73.23%) > nonadecane (70.43) > docosane (67.64%) >
heptadecane (66.36%) > heneicosane (65.94%) > tricosane (62.28%). From the results obtained, it can be
concluded that the potency of microbes as excellent hydrocarbon degraders is as
follows: consortia (mixed of two species) > C. tropicalis
RETL-Cr1> P. aeruginosa BAS-Cr1.
This supports the idea that microbial communities, especially in mixtures, have
the ability to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants more effectively and can be
environmentally friendly due to their specific ability to metabolize
hydrocarbons.
Biodegradation; Crude oil; Seawater; Single and consortia cultures
Nowadays,
oil spill incidents in the marine environment have become a major threat to
ecosystems. It has been reported that marine transportation and activities are
the major reasons for petroleum oil tankers bringing oil produced to Northeast
Asia (Jaswar & Maimun, 2014). Due to rapid economic development and
land-based activities in the marine environment, the release of these complex
substances into seawater will
Based on this study, it can be
concluded that the reduction of hydrocarbons by both single and consortia
cultures varies. Consortia cultures displayed high degradation of hydrocarbon,
which was 2-fold higher as compared to the single culture of C. tropicalis RETL-Cr1 and of P. aeruginosa BAS-Cr1, respectively.
This has been proven with chromatogram profiles, where the crude oil element
has been degraded and undergoes emulsification activity. The results concluded
that consortia cultures have great potential for microbial-enhanced oil
recovery in real field sites, especially in polluted marine water. To advance
biodegradation studies, future research should focus on treatment with high
concentrations of crude oil and carry out biocompatibility tests of two different
species to identify the presence of toxins or any potentially harmful effects
among the consortia cultures.
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