Published at : 01 Jul 2022
Volume : IJtech
Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i3.4751
Ratih Setyaningrum | Industrial Department, Faculty of Engineering, Dian Nuswantoro University, Nakula Street, Semarang, 50131, Indonesia |
Subagyo | Mechanichal and Industrial Department, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Grafika Street, Yogjakarta, 55281, Indonesia |
Andi Wijaya | Mechanichal and Industrial Department, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Grafika Street, Yogjakarta, 55281, Indonesia |
Product
development activities must be well managed; this will increase company
productivity by optimizing the success factor strategy, which will inevitably
lead to success. Furthermore, Some evidence suggests that product development
that considers culture could lead to greater success in Indonesia, even on a
global scale. This paper aims to build a mathematical model of successful
product development by considering Hofstede culture and deciding the culture’s
contribution to product success and at the same time to do Indonesian culture
mapping. The first step of this research was started by deciding the
relationship of culture to product success and by clustering the culture based
on 805 Indonesian respondents. The next step was deciding success factor
variable and building the mathematical model of product development by using
304 data of automotive products, netbooks, smartphones, souvenirs, and
services. Furthermore, the research used methods to manage culture such as
Hofstede dimension counting, Principal Component Analysis and Agglomerative
Hierarchical Cluster. In the step on building mathematical model of successful
product, experiment designed and Kano were used. The result of the Indonesian
cultural cluster dimension showed that Indonesian culture could be divided into
four clusters, including cluster 1 (C1), Cluster 2 (C2), cluster 3 (C3), and
cluster 4 (C4), which are presented in Table 2. The Indonesian culture is
divided into two dimensions such as intrinsic characteristics and environmental
and future characteristics. While the result of the Kano mathematical model
showed that price, product performance, services and marketing were put into a
one-dimensional category. The model which considered culture was able to
increase determination value (R2) and it was included in a one-dimensional
category, so explicitly it was the most desired by the customers and was able
to increase customer’s satisfaction indeed. That model was expected to be a
quidance on product development in increasing its product market share.
Hofstede dimension; KANO methods; Market share; Success product
1.1. Background
The product development needs to be managed well to minimize the failure. Product development that is not managed properly will affect productivity and lead to failure. An increase of company’s productivity will be gained once product development is well managed (Li et al. 2006; Cooper et.al, 2008 and Cooper, 2000). The company needs to manage product development activity to elevate it's productivity and reach success. (Holt & Cameron, 2014). The various products which have successfully applied cultural innovation strategy developed by product design (Ben & Jerry’s, Starbucks, Vitamin water), printed advertisement (Jack Daniel’s), company’s business policy (Ben & Jerry’s, Freelancers Union), retail design (Starbucks), packing (Starbucks, Vitamin water), television advertisement (Nike, Marlboro, and Levi’s). Apple and Nokia are also examples of developing a cultural-based product in the global market. Apple designed more efficient laptops with silent laptop fans (Isaacson, 2013). It is developed by adopting “zen", a culture in Japan, and it can lead 35% of the global market. On the other product, the Apple tablet also has increased its sales by 61.4% (Tribune, 2014). On the other case, Nokia also uses the culture aspect to design dual sim mobile in India. Besides smartphone products, automotive products with cultural backgrounds have also been developed and loved by Indonesians. For example, the MPV (Multiple Purpose Vehicle) product has seven seats and was to reach 79% sale. While there is Viar a product with occupational background, a motorcycle design with three wheels and an open container on the back. It gained a 30% increase in sales (Sukarno, 2013). Almost the same case leads the “bentor” product (combination between a pedicab and motorcycle design) as the cultural symbol of Gorontalo which gains its success too. Those examples prove that cultural-based automotive products are well developed and desired by Indonesians.
Based on the above explanation, the research
takes some problems as mentioned below:
a) How does the mathematical model on product
development work while considering culture, and
b) How does culture contribute to product
success, and how Indonesian culture mapping by using Hofstede's cultural
dimension could be done.
1.2. Benefits
Based on
accessible research, the explicit model to formulate the relationship between
success factors to product success which considers culture has not been found
yet. By that condition, this research is expected to give benefits to
researchers and expertise as mentioned below:
a)
To produce mathematical model on product development that
considers culture, and
b) Determine the culture contribution to product success, and the Indonesian culture
mapping by using Hofstede cultural dimension could be done.
1.3. Research
originality
The previous
research that has the scope, methods and fields of study similar to this
research among other build a mathematical model in digital innovation, whom his
research clustering in economic security and build growth kinetics models. This
paper builds a mathematical model of
a successful product using clustering Indonesian culture.
There are some indications of
culture involvement in product development based on the literature review, but
there is no detailed review on how culture contributes to successful product
development. Several factors affecting product success have been explained in
the literature review but it remains no standardization of those factors in
predicting the success of various products. For all these reasons, this
research is conducted with its originality such as the culture contribution of
product development, cluster, and Indonesian culture mapping by using Hofstede
dimension, standardization of factors that effect product success, and the
modeling of the relationship between those factors and market share (success).
Kano mathematical model shows that price, product
performance, services and marketing are included to
one-dimensional category. Brand is on must-be and attractive category.
Culture is on one-dimensional category so that it is explicitly wanted by
customers and will able to increase customer satisfaction. The mathematical
model of product success which considers culture is able to increase
determination value (R2). The mapping of Indonesian culture based on
Hofstede culture dimension produces 4 clusters which have 2 main
characteristics, internal characteristics
and environmental and future characteristics.
It is necessarily to do the next research by using mathematical model of
product success development with more culture dimension variations.
The author(s) disclosed receipt
of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or
publication of this article. This article is financially supported by The
Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of The Republic of Indonesia
(project number 025/E3/2017).
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