Modeling the Reliability of High-Voltage Power Transmission Lines Taking into Account the Influence of the Parameters of a Sharply Continental Climate

Natural factors significantly affect the reliability of overhead transmission lines (OHTLs) as the operating conditions change with a change in natural conditions. As such, OHTLs in new natural conditions should be reconstructed optimally so that the number of failures would be less than the standard value. This paper considers the optimal option for 110 kV OHTL reconstruction in a sharply continental climate. Such option should reduce the power supply interruptions without changing the permissible overall dimensions and mechanical properties of the existing OHTLs with minimal economic costs. Mathematical modeling was thus performed using the specially developed Matlab/Simulink software, and the most common types of wires for OHTLs were considered. The calculation of the expected mechanical loads under the influence of natural factors showed that all the considered options for 110 kV high-voltage power line reconstruction satisfy the specified degrees of reliability. The article presents the developed methods for analyzing the functional reliability of the power system and proposes reliability indicators and a criterion for the efficiency of the operation of the 110 kV OHTL that reflect the systemic effect of the implementation of measures for improving the reliability of such line. These indicators, in contrast to the existing ones, take into account the cumulative impact of natural and operational factors.

Electrical systems; Failure; Overhead transmission lines; Power supply, Reliability; Wires

    One of the key issues of any electrical-energy system is reliable and uninterrupted power supply to the consumers. For the proper functioning of this system, reliable operation and appropriate technological conditions of all parts of the electric networks should be ensured (Budiyanto et al., 2011; Pariaman et al., 2017; Alvi et al., 2019; Alyunov et al., 2020; Dadabaev et al., 2020; Shevchenko et al., 2020). High-voltage power lines (HVLs) are used to deliver electricity over long distances, and their functioning strongly depends on the climatic conditions of the region (Budiyanto et al., 2011; Fedotov et al., 2016; Latipov et al., 2019). HVLs located in places with a sharply continental climate (i.e., extremely  low  temperatures  in  winter,  extremely  high  temperatures  in  summer, high-speed wind, intense solar radiation, suspended particles of dust in the air) are subject to deteriorative influences. The damage of the 110 kV high-voltage lines, which are important elements of HVLs, can significantly deteriorate the lines’ reliability and can result in electricity undersupply. Several studies have been conducted to determine the reasons for HVL failure (Gracheva and Naumov, 2016; Gracheva and Naumov, 2019; Arief et al., 2018; Fomin et al., 2020). Weather factors (e.g., rain, snow, wind) are considered the main reasons for the decrease in reliability of 110 and 220 kV HVLs. As electric networks are large systems with multiple elements and multiple connections between them, a systematic approach should be used to study them. Ambient temperatures and wind cause material fatigue, which damages the constructions. Periodic kinks of wire are observed at the places of installation of the connecting and supporting clamps and vibration dampers, and cyclic lateral forces arise. The simultaneous impact of the above components leads to fatigue damage to the suspension systems. From the cyclic load, the nodes of the rigid structures that bear the maximum load are destroyed.
    This paper presents the optimal option for 110 kV overhead transmission line (OHTL) reconstruction in a sharply continental climate. The characteristics of the line (sag and tension) were calculated taking into account the weather conditions. On the basis of the calculated characteristics, we give recommendations herein on the possible reconstruction of the line that will ensure reliable operation under any natural load.

When developing an optimization model for OHTLs, it is necessary to take into account operational and natural factors. In the study reported in this paper, mathematical modeling was performed using the specially developed Matlab/Simulink software. The most common types of wires for OHTL were considered. The results of the study showed that when the relief, climate, and operational factors change, the level of reliability is 95%. It was shown that the TACSR wire has the greatest reliability at the maximum temperatures; as such, its sag at the maximum temperatures was the smallest. Therefore, from the point of view of the influence of temperature on ensuring the HVL reliability, the TACSR wire is optimal. The calculation of the expected mechanical loads under the influence of natural factors showed that all the considered options for the reconstruction of the 110 kV HVLs satisfy the specified degrees of reliability.

Alvi, M.J., Izhar, T., Qaiser, A.A., Anjum, A., Ul Hassan, R., 2019. Electro-mechanical Design and Creep Analysis of Proposed Enclosure for Flexible Gas Insulated Line Regarding Subsurface Metropolitan Applications of High-voltage Transmission Lines. Electronics (Switzerland), Volume 8(9), p. 929

Alyunov, A.N., Vyatkina, O.S., Udaratin, A.V., Zaripova, D.A., 2020. Technical and Economic Efficiency of Proactive Diagnostic Systems for Power Transformers. E3S Web of Conferences, Volume 178, p. 01081

Amin, M., Stringer, J., 2008. The Electric Power Grid: Today and Tomorrow. MRS Bulletin, Volume 33(4), pp. 399–407

Arief, A., Nappu, M.B., Antamil, 2018. Analytical Method for Reactive Power Compensators Allocation. International Journal of Technology, Volume 9(3), pp. 602–612

Athas, W.C., Svensson, J., Koller, J.G., Tzartzanis, N., Chou, Y.C., 1994. Low-Power Digital Systems based on Adiabatic-Switching Principles. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume 2(4), pp. 398–407

Barbur, V.A., Montgomery, D.C., Peck, E.A., 1994. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. The Statistician, Volume 43(2), p. 339

Barker, P.P., De Mello, R.W., 2000. Determining the Impact of Distributed Generation on Power Systems: Part 1 - Radial Distribution Systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference, Volume 3, pp. 1645–1656

Benini, L., Bogliolo, A., De Micheli, G., 2000. A Survey of Design Techniques for System-Level Dynamic Power Management. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume 8(3), 299–316

Beryozkina, S., 2019. Evaluation Study of Potential use of Advanced Conductors in Transmission Line Projects. Energies, Volume 12(5), p. 822

Billinton, R., Li, W., 2013. Reliability Assessment of Electric Power Systems using Monte Carlo Methods. Springer Link

Budiyanto, B., Setiabudy, R., Setiawan, E.A., Sudibyo, U.B., 2011. Development of Direct Current Microgrid Control for Ensuring Power Supply from Renewable Energy Sources. International Journal of Technology, Volume 2(3), pp. 199–206

Dadabaev, S.T., Islomovna, T.M., Saidulloevna, M.D., 2020. Modeling of Starting Transition Processes of Asynchronous Motors with Reduced Voltage of the Supply Network. European Journal of Electrical Engineering, Volume 22(1), pp. 23–28

Fedotov, A.I., Gracheva, E.I., Fedotov, E.A., Chernova, N.V., 2016. Local Fourier Transformation Application for Mathematic Modeling of Synchronous Machine Valve Actuator. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Volume 11(13), pp. 2939–2945

Fomin, I.N., Belikov, R.P., Kudinova, T.A., Tsvetkov, A.N., 2020. Identification Power Line Sections with Increased-Electricity Losses using Sensors with Wi-Fi Technology for Data Transmission. E3S Web of Conferences, Volume 178, p. 01083

Gracheva, E.I., Naumov, O.V., 2019. Estimation of Power Losses in Electric Devices of the Electrotechnical Complex. In: International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing, ICIEAM 2019, p. 6

Gracheva, E.I., Naumov, O.V., 2016. Operating Mode Influence on Probability Characteristics of Electric Devices. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Volume 11(13), pp. 2934–2938

Gregorio, P., Ahmadi, M., Buehler, M., 1997. Design, Control, and Energetics of an Electrically Actuated Legged Robot. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, Volume 27(4), pp. 626–634

Henkel, J., 1999. A Low Power Hardware/Software Partitioning Approach for Core-based Embedded Systems. In: Proceedings - Design Automation Conference, pp. 122–127

Khasanov, S.R., Gracheva, E.I., Toshkhodzhaeva, M.I., Dadabaev, S.T., Mirkhalikova, D.S., 2020. Reliability Modeling of High-voltage Power Lines in a Sharply Continental Climate. E3S Web of Conferences, Volume 178, p. 01051

Kiessling, F., Nefzger, P., Nolasco, J.F., Kaintzyk, U., 2003. Overhead Power Lines: Planning, Design, Construction. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Lakervi, E., Holmes, E.J., 1995. Electricity Distribution Network Design. IET Digital Library, Volume 21, pp. 130–142

Latipov, S.T., Aslanova, G.N., Nematov, L.A., Akhmedov, A.A., Charieva, M.R., 2019. Calculation of Reliability Indicators of Power Supply Systems of Consumers. E3S Web of Conferences, Volume 139, p. 01037

Matsuoka, R., Shinokubo, H., Kondo, K., Mizuno, Y., Naito, K., Fujimura, T., Terada, T., 1996. Assessment of Basic Contamination Withstand Voltage Characteristics of Polymer Insulators. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume 11(4), pp. 1895–1900

Pariaman, H., Garniwa, I., Surjandari, I., Sugiarto, B., 2017. Availability Analysis of the Integrated Maintenance Technique based on Reliability, Risk, and Condition in Power Plants. International Journal of Technology, Volume 8(3), pp. 497–507

Rakhimov, O.S., Khodzhiev, A.A., Toshkhodzhaeva, M.I., 2017. Improving the Reliability of 110 kV High-voltage Power Lines at the Design and Operation Stages. Elektrooborudovanie: Ekspluatatsiya i Remont, Volume 3, pp. 55–57

Reddy, T.A., 2011. Applied Data Analysis and Modeling for Energy Engineers and Scientists. Boston: Springer, MA

Schlichting, J., 1978. Molybdenum Disilicide as a Component of Modern High-Temperature Composites. High Temperatures - High Pressures, Volume 10(23), pp. 241–269

Shevchenko, N., Soshinov, A., Elfimova, O., Lebedeva, J., Akhmedova, O., 2020. Improving the Energy Efficiency of Wide Crossings of Overhead Power Lines. E3S Web of Conferences, Volume 178, p. 01046

Toshkhodzhaeva, M.I., 2017. Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Traditional and High-Temperature vlep Wires - 110 kV. Izvestiya Tul’skogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Tekhnicheskie Nauki, Volume 3, pp. 169–175

Toshkhodzhaeva, M.I., Khodzhiev, A.A., 2019. Features of Diagnosing High-voltage Power Lines of 110 kV in a Sharply Continental Climate. Izvestiya Tul’skogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Tekhnicheskie Nauki, Volume 2, pp. 364–369