• International Journal of Technology (IJTech)
  • Vol 11, No 7 (2020)

Investigated on Thermal Design of Computer Cooling System with the Effective Length of Cascade Heat Pipe

Investigated on Thermal Design of Computer Cooling System with the Effective Length of Cascade Heat Pipe

Title: Investigated on Thermal Design of Computer Cooling System with the Effective Length of Cascade Heat Pipe
Wayan Nata Septiadi, Komang Wahyu Tri Prasetia, Made Ricki Murti, I Gusti Ketut Sukadana, Fazlur Rahman, Gerardo Janitra Puriadi Putra, Komang Manik Marianti

Corresponding email:


Published at : 17 Dec 2020
Volume : IJtech Vol 11, No 7 (2020)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v11i7.4499

Cite this article as:
Septiadi, W.N., Prasetia, K.W.T., Murti, M.R., Sukadana, I.G.K., Rahman, F., Putra, G.J.P., Marianti, K.M., 2020. Investigated on Thermal Design of Computer Cooling System with the Effective Length of Cascade Heat Pipe. International Journal of Technology. Volume 11(7), pp. 1388-1396

915
Downloads
Wayan Nata Septiadi 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana University, Kampus UNUD Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia 2. Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana Unive
Komang Wahyu Tri Prasetia Undergraduate Student of Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Udayana University, Kampus UNUD Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Made Ricki Murti 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana University, Kampus UNUD Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia 2. Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana Unive
I Gusti Ketut Sukadana 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana University, Kampus UNUD Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia 2. Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana Unive
Fazlur Rahman Undergraduate Student of Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Udayana University, Kampus UNUD Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Gerardo Janitra Puriadi Putra Undergraduate Student of Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Udayana University, Kampus UNUD Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Komang Manik Marianti Undergraduate Student of Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Udayana University, Kampus UNUD Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Email to Corresponding Author
Abstract
Investigated on Thermal Design of Computer Cooling System with the Effective Length of Cascade Heat Pipe

Developments in recent electronics result in electronic components that produce heat, namely, Central Processing Units (CPUs). One solution to this problem is using a heat pipe. In this study, a cascade straight heat pipe (CSHP) is analyzed as a CPU cooling system with three effective lengths: 20 cm, 23 cm, and 26 cm. The first workload provided was Idle; the processor only ran the operating system without a software load, so that the processor utilization was only 1-10%. The second was full load, where the processor utilization was 95-100%. The CSHP-based CPU-cooling system with an effective length of 20 cm was able to reach processor temperatures of up to 43.32oC (idle) and 63.62oC (full load). For the effective length of 23 cm, processor temperatures of 46.99oC idle) and 64.81oC full load was attained. Lastly, while using the effective length of 26 cm, processor temperatures of 50.67oC idle and 65.21oC full load were reached. CPU cooling systems using CSHP are thermally resistant when in idle conditions; respectively, the temperatures for the effective lengths of 20 cm, 23 cm, and 26 cm are 0.168oC/W, 0.197oC/W, and 0.223oC/W. In contrast, for the same effective lengths, the thermal resistance at full load was 0.262oC/W, 0.236oC/W, and 0.224oC/W, respectively. Overall, the cascade heat pipe shows better cooling performance than a stock cooler.

Cascade heat pipe; Cooling system; Effective length; Thermal resistance

Introduction

For several decades, the development of electronics, especially in terms of computers, has been experiencing very rapid progress (Septiadi et al., 2019). One such computer component that is progressing quite rapidly is the CPU (Brenner, 2007). The development of CPUs, i.e., smart technology with smaller, lighter dimensions with improved performance and efficiency, is advancing that stated by Cai et al., and Terrado et al., at research by Chen and Huang (2017). The development of smart technology has had an impact on certain computer components, producing heat flux and leading to overheating, which must be dissipated to ensure the performance and life of the computer system (Paiva and Mantelli, 2015).

In its development, various methods have been attempted to overcome the CPU cooling system problem. One of them involves the use of a heat pipe (Kusumah et al., 2019). A heat pipe is considered a very high-thermal conductance device (Reay et al., 2013) and is a type of high-efficiency passive heat-transfer technology. Heat pipes have a structure allowing high thermal conductivity and transfer while maintaining uniform temperatures between the evaporator and condenser (Jouhara et al., 2017). Research and development on heat pipe shapes have been conducted by several researchers; for example, loop heat pipes (Maydanik et al., 2018), U-shaped heat pipes (Kusuma et al., 2019), L-shaped heat pipes (Putra and Ariantara, 2017), flat heat pipes (Arya et al., 2018), oscillating heat pipes (Zhou et al., 2018), etc. The high heat dissipated from the condenser is proof that heat pipe technology has not reached its maximum potential (Putra et al., 2013).

Modification and enhancement of heat pipes have been performed in recent decades. Fins are some of the common things applied to heat pipes to enhance heat transfer by adding more surface area in the condenser (Ibrahim et al., 2018). According to Huang et al. (2019), fin surface area is affecting the capability of heat pipes to absorb heat; the temperature distribution is increasing as fin surface areas increase due to higher heat absorption. Normally, heat collected in the fin dissipates into the air via natural convection; consequently, the surrounding air temperature rises. This temperature rise can affect the thermal resistance between the fin and the air (Xie et al., 2020). In order to ensure the heat dissipation rate, an electric-powered fan is commonly used to improve the cooling performance by increasing airflow to the heatsink (Xiao et al., 2017).  The deficiency of using a fan with a CSHP is that the heat from the CPU absorbed through the evaporator at level I is not released directly into the environment. The absorbed heat is then transferred to the heat pipe evaporator level II and finally discharged through the level II condenser, and theoretically, the temperature of the heat discharged will be smaller. Therefore, the use of electric-powered fans is no longer beneficial (Septiadi and Putra, 2014).

Modification on cascade heat pipe is conducted to enhance the thermal performance. An experiment with a loop heat pipe for high heat transfer capacity has been conducted by Maydanik et al. (2018). The result stated that after thermal tests, the loop heat pipe improves power and heat transfer-distance significantly without additional energy source (Maydanik et al., 2018). The effect of the heat pipe effective length also affects the velocity of the mass flow rate along the pipe, which also affects the final heat dissipation generated by the CPU (Muhammaddiyah et al., 2018; Winarta et al., 2019). Tan et al. (2005) conducted an analytical study of flat plate heat pipe effective length using a point source approach. They stated that heat source could affect heat pipe effective length through the formulation provided in the research. The heat pipe maximum capillary heat transport limit and heat pipe optimum heat source position can be determined through the effective heat transport length (Tan et al., 2005).

In order to improve the CSHP performance, an analysis of the CSHP effective length was conducted. This research aims to find the effective length of CSHP so it could handle the maximum heat produced by the CPU without fan assistance while still paying attention to space availability inside the case.

Conclusion

An experiment was conducted to analyze the effective length of cascade heat pipes as CPU cooling systems. This experiment was carried out to find the most effective cascade heat pipe length so that fan assistance for CPU cooling is not required.

The effective length ratio affects the rate of heat transfer in a CSHP as a CPU cooling system, where a smaller effective length variable has a higher heat transfer rate, and a higher effective length ratio has a lower heat transfer rate. This is due to the distance the fluid travels along with the length of the heat pipe. A cascade heat pipe’s effective length also influences the thermal resistance of the system. A shorter cascade heat pipe effective length results in higher thermal resistance and vice versa due to intense partial evaporation.

Cascade straight heat pipes show better cooling performance than stock coolers without fan assistance. Cascade straight heat pipes with 20-cm effective lengths have the best cooling performance among CSHPs. According to the results, CSHPs are applicable to replace conventional fan-assisted heat pipes as cooling devices for CPUs. Modification and improvement of CSHPs can vary the working fluid and heatsink design for better cooling performance.

Acknowledgement

    Thanks go to the Ministry of Technology and Higher Education and the Udayana Institute for Research and Community Service for their financial support through the 2019 Penelitian Terapan Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi (PTUPT) scheme with contract number 492.29/UN14.4.A/LT/2019.   

References

Arya, A., Sarafraz, M.M., Shahmiri, S., Madani, S.A.H., Nikkhah, V., Nakhjavani, S.M., 2018. Thermal Performance Analysis of a Flat Heat Pipe Working with Carbon Nanotube-Water Nanofluid for Cooling of a High Heat Flux Heater. Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 54(4), pp. 985–997

Brenner, S., 2007. Law in an Era of Smart Technology. London: Oxford University Press

Chen, Q., Huang, Y., 2017. Scale Effects on Evaporative Heat Transfer in Carbon Nanotube Wick in Heat Pipes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 111, pp. 852–859

Huang, D.-S., Chen, T.-C., Tsai, L.-T., Lin, M.-T., 2019. Design of Fins with a Grooved Heat Pipe for Dissipation of Heat From High-Powered Automotive LED Headlights. Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 180, pp. 550–558

Ibrahim, T.K., Mohammed, M.N., Mohammed, M.K., Najafi, G., Sidik, N.A.C., Basrawi, F., Abdalla, A.N., Hoseini, S.S., 2018. Experimental Study on the Effect of Perforations Shapes on Vertical Heated Fins Performance under Forced Convection Heat Transfer. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 118, pp. 832–846

Jouhara, H., Chauhan, A., Nannou, T., Almahmoud, S., Delpech, B., Wrobel, L.C., 2017. Heat Pipe Based Systems - Advances and Applications. Energy, Volume 128, pp. 729–754

Kusuma, M.H., Setiorini, U., Putri, T.A.R., Antariksawan, G.A.R., Juarsa, M., 2019. Effective Thermal Conductivity of U-shaped Heat Pipe. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 550(1), p. 12004

Kusumah, A., Hakim, I., Sukarno, R., Rachman, F.F., Putra, N., 2019. The Application of U-Shape Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger to Reduce Relative Humidity for Energy Conservation in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems. International Journal of Technololgy, Volume 10(6), pp. 1202–1210

Maydanik, Y., Pastukhov, V., Chernysheva, M., 2018. Development and Investigation of a Loop Heat Pipe with a High Heat-Transfer Capacity. Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 130, pp. 1052–1061

Muhammaddiyah, S., Winarta, A., Putra, N., 2018. Experimental Study of Multi-fin Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger for Energy Efficiency in Operating Room Air Systems. International Journal of Technology, Volume 9(2), pp. 422–429

Paiva, K.V, Mantelli, M.B.H., 2015. Wire-plate and Sintered Hybrid Heat Pipes: Model and Experiments. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Volume 93, pp. 36–51

Putra, N., Ariantara, B., 2017. Electric Motor Thermal Management System using L-Shaped Flat Heat Pipes. Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 126, pp. 1156–1163

Putra, N., Septiadi, W.N., Irwansyah, R., 2013. Effect of Concentration and Loading Fluid of Nanofluids on the Thermal Resistance of Sintered Powder Wick Heat Pipe. Advanced Materials Research, Volume 651, pp. 728–735

Reay, D., McGlen, R., Kew, P., 2013. Heat Pipes: Theory, Design and Applications. UK: Butterworth-Heinemann

Seo, Y.M., Park, Y.G., Ha, M.Y., 2017. Effect of Variation in Length of the Conventional Heat Pipe on the Thermal Performance. In: 13th International Conference on Heat Trasnfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Portoroz, Slovenia. 17-19 July 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62448

Septiadi, W.N., Ula, W.A.W., Wulandari, I., Tnunay, I.A., Murti, M.R., 2019. Thermal Resistance Analysis of Central Processing Unit Cooling System based on Cascade Straight Heat Pipe. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 539(1), p. 12036

Septiadi, W.N., Astawa, K., Arvikadewi, I.G.A.P., Febraldo, D., Putra, G.J.P., 2020. Boiling Phenomenon of Graphene Nano-Coating Wick Heat Pipe. Evergreen Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Science & Green Asia Strategy, Volume 7(2), pp. 297–302

Septiadi, W.N., Putra, N., 2014. Heat Pipe Technology: Theory, Design and Application. Iowa, USA: UI-PRESS

Tan, B.K., Wong, T.N., Ooi, K.T., 2005. Analytical Effective Length Study of a Flat Plate Heat Pipe using Point Source Approach. Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 25(14–15), pp. 2272–2284

Wang, S., Chen, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, W., 2011. Effect of Evaporation Section and Condensation Section Length on Thermal Performance of Flat Plate Heat Pipe. Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 31(14–15), pp. 2367–2373

Winarta, A., Putra, N., Koestoer, R.A., Pamitran, A.S., Hakim, I.I., 2019. Experimental Investigation of a Large Scale-oscillating Heat Pipe at Different Inclinations. International Journal of Technology, Volume 10(2), pp. 258–268

Xiao, C., Liao, H., Wang, Y., Li, J., Zhu, W., 2017. A Novel Automated Heat-pipe Cooling Device for High-power LEDs. Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 111, pp. 1320–1329

Xie, L., Yuan, X., Wang, W., 2020. Thermal Modeling of Fan-cooled Plate-fin Heatsink Considering Air Temperature Rise for Virtual Prototyping of Power Electronics. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, Volume 10(11), pp. 1829–1839. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCPMT.2020.2009156

Zhou, Y., Cui, X., Weng, J., Shi, S., Han, H., Chen, C., 2018. Experimental Investigation of the Heat Transfer Performance of an Oscillating Heat Pipe with Graphene Nanofluids. Powder Technology, Volume 332, pp. 371–380

Download PDF
Who cite this paper
Table of Contents
Article
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
Acknowlegement
References