A Growth Kinetics Model for Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae
Corresponding email: bayupetrus@ugm.ac.id
Published at : 25 Jan 2021
Volume : IJtech
Vol 12, No 1 (2021)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v12i1.4148
Prasetya, A., Darmawan, R., Araujo, T.L.B., Petrus, H.T.B.M., Setiawan, F.A., 2021. A Growth Kinetics Model for Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae. International Journal of Technology. Volume 12(1), pp. 207-216
| Agus Prasetya | Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia |
| Robby Darmawan | Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia |
| Thya Laurencia Benedita Araujo | Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia |
| Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus | Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia |
| Felix Arie Setiawan | Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia |
Known
as a promising protein source, black soldier fly (BSF) larva has attracted the
attention of many researchers. BSF larvae have the ability to convert organic
waste into protein. However, the growth modeling of this process has not been
studied previously. Hence, this study generated a BSF larvae growth model to explain
BSF larvae production. Vegetable and fruit waste collected from the Gamping
fruit market was used as the growth media. The weight of larvae and the leftover
substrate were measured for 20 days. The substrate consumed was related to larvae
body mass. The model was properly fitted with R-squared values of 0.9988 and
0.9312 for the substrate consumption and larvae growth, respectively. The value
of the kinetics constants in this study were 0.847 ± 0.018 g 0.5
day-1 for k1; 0.058 ± 0.019 g-0.5
day-1 for k2; and 0.007 ± 0.013 g-1.0
day-1 for k3.
Black soldier fly; Growth model kinetics; Larvae; Organic waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW) has become an interesting
issue in the sustainable development of human life (Gabriel Andari Kristanto, 2015).
The increasing human population directly affects the increase in MSW (Djoko M. Hartono, 2015),
and waste generation will increase from 1.2 to 1.42 kg per person per day in
the next 15 years (Hoornweg & Bhada-Tata, 2012). Various
studies utilize MSW mostly for energy and in agricultural sectors as organic
fertilizers (Othman et al., 2013; Rodionov &
Nakata, 2011; Yay, 2015). Other studies
have also utilized Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia
illucens) larvae as a means of recycling MSW, especially organic MSW (Barragan-Fonseca et al., 2017; ?i?ková
et al., 2015; Diener et al., 2015; Diener et al., 2011a; Diener et al., 2011b;
Wynants et al., 2019). BSF larvae digest
organic MSW to produce proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The diet of BSF larva
consists of mostly vegetable and fruit waste, but they can also digest the
manure of humans and animals (Hussein et al., 2017; Li et al., 2011;
Xiao et al., 2018).
BSF larvae have the potential to curb MSW generation. The most straightforward utilization of BSF larvae is as animal feed, and a number of researchers have investigated this application (Manzano-Agugliaro et al., 2012; Sánchez-Muros et al., 2014; Tschirner and Simon, 2015; Surendra et al., 2016; Hussein et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019; Wynants et al., 2019). BSF larvae can also produce biodiesel through fat processing and biologically active substances (Li et al., 2011; Manzano-Agugliaro et al., 2012; Surendra et al., 2016; Su et al., 2019). With the help of enzymes contained in BSF larvae, contaminants in waste and nitrogen levels can be reduced by 50–60% and around 40–62%, respectively (Paz et al., 2015). The use of BSF larvae in MSW recycling has a low technology implementation compared to other MSW recycling methods. Furthermore, it is performed mostly in developing countries. Moreover, the BSF species needs sunlight for successful mating (Oonincx et al., 2016; Sheppard et al., 2002); therefore, BSF larvae can be produced in countries with tropical and subtropical climates.
Indonesia, a developing country with a tropical climate, produces mostly organic or decaying waste (Damanhuri, 2010). This type of waste includes food or agricultural waste that decomposes easily through the activities of decomposing microorganisms (Shukor et al., 2018). Around 74% of the waste in Indonesia is domestic waste, and almost all of it is disposed of in landfills (Guerrero et al., 2013; Shekdar, 2009). According to Darmawan (2014), the majority of the organic waste in Indonesia is agricultural waste, and some of it is food waste(rice, vegetables, and leftover side dishes). By utilizing BSF larvae, organic matter can be reduced by 70% (Lalander et al., 2015). Based on some reports, the waste treatment system using BSF larvae has been proven to eliminate Salmonella sp., so that BSF is a healthy larva to be used as a protein source (Gabler & Vinnerås, 2014; LEE et al., 2018). Interestingly, the byproducts of waste treatment using BSF larvae can be used as compost (Xiao et al. (2018); Zurbrügg et al. (2018).
Studies have investigated the feasibility of using BSF larvae in recycling MSW in terms of nutrition, microorganism contamination, survival rate, waste reduction index, and the efficiency of conversion of digested feed. This study developed a BSF larvae growth model in the presence of feed, such as fruit waste and vegetable waste. The growth kinetics model of BSF larvae was proposed to understand the effect of feed additives and to estimate the amount of BSF larvae produced within a specified time. The correlation between feed and BSF larvae growth was investigated in this study. Thus, the data provides information on the appropriate design methods for BSF larvae apparatus and enables the estimation of the feasibility of this recycling method.
This
study resulted in the construction of the first ever BSF larvae growth model.
The R-squared values of the model for substrate consumption and larvae growth
were 
The
growth model could be useful in scale-up calculations. However, further research
should be conducted to analyze and break down the waste reduction fraction
variable to uncover the parameters that affect BSF larvae growth.
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