Algal-Bacterial Synergy for Lipid Production and Nutrient Removal in Tofu Liquid Waste
Corresponding email: shintaelystia@yahoo.com
Published at : 19 Apr 2021
Volume : IJtech
Vol 12, No 2 (2021)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v12i2.3589
Elystia, S., Saragih, L.R., Muria, S.R., 2021. Algal-Bacterial Synergy for Lipid Production and Nutrient Removal in Tofu Liquid Waste. International Journal of Technology. Volume 12(2), pp. 287-297
| Shinta Elystia | Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Riau University, Indonesia, 28293, Panam, Pekanbaru, Indonesia |
| Lely Rahmawati Saragih | Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Riau University, Indonesia, 28293, Panam, Pekanbaru, Indonesia |
| Sri Rezeki Muria | Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Riau University, Indonesia, 28293, Panam, Pekanbaru, Indonesia |
Energy diversification using microalgae biomass offers a solution to the
fossil fuel crisis, which has become a global issue. Chlorella sp. is a microalga that can produce lipids and reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) in liquid
waste. In this research, we used Chlorella
sp. to produce lipids and reduce COD in tofu liquid waste. This research aimed to identify the interaction
between a complex microorganism, as a decomposer agent, with the addition of the
photosynthetic microalgae Chlorella
sp. as an oxygen producer to reduce COD in tofu liquid waste. Moreover, we
aimed to determine the interaction between Chlorella
sp. and a bacterial consortium for microalgae growth and lipid production. This study
was conducted in batches with the addition of bacteria at five different
concentrations (% v/v): 0 (no addition), up to 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.
Cultivation was conducted for 13 days with solar irradiation in a photobioreactor.
As a result, the highest density and the highest growth rate were obtained from
the treatment with 1% bacteria, achieving as many as 5.65´106 cell/mL and 0.21/day. The 1% treatment was able to produce
lipids and COD removal efficiencies of 20.93% and 96.30% at the best-removing
detention times, which both occurred on the 13th day of cultivation.
Bacteria; Chlorella sp.; COD; Lipid; Tofu liquid waste
The energy crisis and fossil fuels present environmental problems that have
become a global issue. The availability of fossil fuels, which are increasingly
depleting, accompanies ever-increasing consumption levels. Indonesia’s reserves
and production of petroleum (fossil) fuels have decreased by 10% each year, and
the country’s average oil consumption level has increased by 6% per year. In
addition to this limited availability, the fossil-fuel burning process also
produces greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2),
which certainly harm the environment (Kuncahyo et
al., 2013).
Energy
diversification through the creation of renewable energy sources, such as
biodiesel, offers a solution to the fossil fuel crisis. Microalgae are believed
to be a good renewable energy source because of their rapid growth rate and
ability to be cultivated in wastewater. Alga lipids could serve as an ideal
feedstock for high-energy-density transportation fuels, such as biodiesel (Jegathese and Farid, 2014). Microalgae can produce
high enough lipids (±65% in dry weight) to be converted into biodiesel (Skill,
2007).
During
the microalgae cultivation process, growth rates can be increased by adding
bacteria to growth media. Bacteria, as a promoting agent, can increase
microalgae biomass during cultivation.
Increased biomass in algal cultivation increases lipid levels from these
microalgae. In bacteria-algae symbiosis systems, bacteria can
release CO2, which benefits algal growth. Meanwhile, microalgae can
provide O2 via photosynthesis and produce nutrients for bacterial
growth (Sayre, 2010). Ferro et al.
(2019) reported that some bacteria can achieve high efficiency in
removing pollutants from wastewater and promote algal biomass production through
metabolic complementarity.
This study has demonstrated that bacteria and algae interact with each
other to significantly reduce COD in tofu liquid waste, which can promote algal growth.
Meanwhile, COD removal and algal growth with a lower bacteria addition
(control) performed no better than treatments adding bacteria. The higher microalgae’s higher biomass, the more lipids are produced. The produced lipids could serve as a biodiesel feedstock to overcome the fossil fuel
crisis. The optimal
conditions for COD-value reduction, growth, and lipid levels of the microalgae Chlorella sp. were attained with a treatment
that added a 1% bacterial consortium. The study’s COD-value removal efficiency
and lipid content of microalgae under optimal conditions stood at 96.30% and
20.93%, respectively.
The
authors would like to express their gratitude to the Alga Research Centre
Laboratory at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and the Laboratory
of Control and Prevention of Environmental Pollution at the Faculty of
Engineering—both at the University of Riau—for their support in this research.
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