Fabrication and Characterization of an Affordable Conditioned Bio-specimen Transporter (Conbiport) for Urban Areas
Corresponding email: hanifnadhif@ui.ac.id
Published at : 16 Dec 2019
Volume : IJtech
Vol 10, No 8 (2019)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i8.3523
Nadhif, M.H., Hadiputra, A.P., Utomo, M.S., Whulanza, Y., 2019. Fabrication and Characterization of an Affordable Conditioned Bio-specimen Transporter (Conbiport) for Urban Areas . International Journal of Technology. Volume 10(8), pp. 1626-1634
| Muhammad Hanif Nadhif | 1. Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia 2. Medical Technology Cluster, Institute of Medical Education and Research In |
| Andika Praditya Hadiputra | Research Center for Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
| Muhammad Satrio Utomo | Research Center for Metallurgy and Material, Indonesia Institute of Science (LIPI), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 470, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia |
| Yudan Whulanza | 1. Research Center for Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia 2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineeri |
Many biological and biomedical laboratories in the
Greater Jakarta have limited facilities. Problems arise when bio-specimen
transports are moved from one laboratory to another. These transports may take
hours due to traffic in the Greater Jakarta area. Lengthy transport may be
problematic to the research at-hand, since many biological specimens will fail
to survive if temperatures exceed 37°C for even a few minutes. When this
happens, the condition of the specimen may be compromised or even damaged. To
address this problem, we fabricated and tested a conditioned bio-specimen
transporter (Conbiport). The Conbiport used a Rubbermaid cooler box as a basis,
which is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), allowing for temperature
preservation. The Conbiport was equipped with an Arduino microcontroller, a
heater, a temperature sensor, and its peripheral components so that the
temperature inside the Conbiport could be steadily maintained. Four different
control system configurations were tested: proportional (P-dom),
proportional-derivative (PD-dom), proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and
on-off. The results showed that the P-dom configuration exhibited the fastest
heat rate. This configuration may provide better portability when it comes to specimen
testing, despite the tendency of the temperature to offset from the setpoint.
On the other hand, the PID controller provided the most stable temperature
preservation, although it took a longer time to achieve the setpoint.
Nonetheless, we proved that the Conbiport could maintain the temperature
required for specimen transportation in urban areas, such as Greater Jakarta.
Bio-specimen; Conbiport; Control; PID; Transporter
Indonesia lacks
important medical facilities (Elfani & Putra, 2013), which includes
facilities in
However,
such laboratories do not exist in every region of Greater Jakarta. These types
of laboratories are mainly located along main roads. This means that some
specimens may be transported over up to 10 kilometers. In this case, depending
on the traffic, specimen transports can take hours to arrive at their
destination. In Greater Jakarta, traffic jams have been a daily occurrence for the
citizens (Lee, 2015). At times, it may take up to an hour to move just 1 kilometer.
Due to these traffic jams, some people called Jakarta an urban nightmare (Steinberg,
2007).
Traffic jams
pose a problem to the bio-specimen transport, which requires a specific
environment to grow and live. For instance, some biological specimens required
a temperature of approximately 37°C to maintain their viability and growth in a
bioreactor (Whulanza
et al., 2014; Whulanza et al., 2017) or an organ model (Sagita et al., 2018). A failure to maintain the required temperature might damage the
bio-specimens (Chen
et al., 2015). Studies from Whulanza et al. (2016) and Nadhif et al. (2017) shows, in
the first study, Candida albicans—biofilm-forming fungi in the oral
cavity)—was cultured on a modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. In the
latter study, Candida albicans was
cultured in the lab-on-chip channels. To qualitatively confirm the existence of
the fungal colonies in the two studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was required.
Unfortunately, the SEM imaging could only be performed at another lab since the
tool was not available since the tool was not available at the initial lab.
Therefore, the specimens were transported to the SEM facility, which took 1 to
1.5 hours. Unfortunately, the air temperature outside was significantly different
from the desired temperature for cells to survive (Gow et al., 2012), which led to the destruction of the specimen (Siswanto et al., 2016).
To tackle
the aforementioned problem, an assistive device is required to maintain the
specimen at an ideal temperature. One of the most feasible approaches is using
a portable incubator (Byrd et al., 1997; Suzuki et al., 1999; Varisanga
et al., 2002). Unfortunately, all commercial portable incubators for
microbiology and tissue engineering research in Indonesia are imported, leading
them to be relatively expensive (reaching approximately US$ 1,300). The purchasing
of this type of incubators may consume around 18-60% of the grant received by the researchers. This
problem inspired us to design an affordable conditioned bio-specimen
transporter (Conbiport), which uses simpler technology and lower-cost
materials. Therefore, bio-specimen transport in urban areas, like Greater
Jakarta, can be safeguarded.
We successfully fabricated and
tested an affordable conditioned bio-specimen transporter (Conbiport). All the
components of the Conbiport worked as intended. The Conbiport was able to
perform thermal preservation for 120 minutes with the installed battery. Four
distinct control system configurations were tested, in terms of heat rise and
oscillation behavior. The P-dom presented the fastest heat rate. This
configuration is very suitable for a user who requires the fast mobility of specimens
for testing. Nonetheless, this configuration is prone to an offset. On the
other hand, the PID controller was the most stable of all the configurations,
making it the most preferable configuration. To cope with the slow heat rise, the
Conbiport must be prepared for 50 minutes prior to specimen transports. According
to the results described in this paper, the Conbiport can be a reliable medium
to transport bio-specimens in urban areas.
This
article’s publication is supported by LPDP Rispro
Invitasi 2019 under contract number KEP-52/LPDP/2019.
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