Thermodynamic and Environmental Analysis of a High-temperature Heat Pump using HCFO-1224yd(Z) and HCFO-1233zd(E)
Corresponding email: mamak@eng.ui.ac.id
Published at : 16 Dec 2019
Volume : IJtech
Vol 10, No 8 (2019)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i8.3459
Alhamid, M.I., Aisyah, N., Nasruddin, Lubis, A., 2019. Thermodynamic and Environmental Analysis of a High-temperature Heat Pump using HCFO-1224yd(Z) and HCFO-1233zd(E) . International Journal of Technology. Volume 10(8), pp. 1585-1592
| Muhammad Idrus Alhamid | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
| Nyayu Aisyah | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
| Nasruddin | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
| Arnas Lubis | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
This paper investigates the use of two low global warming potential working fluids, HCFO-1224yd(Z) and HCFO-1233zd(E), in high-temperature heat pump systems. A simulation was performed at evaporating temperatures ranging from 50–70°C and a condensing temperature of 110°C. A solar thermal collector was used to supply the energy needs on the evaporator side. Energy, exergy, and environmental analyses were performed to evaluate both environmentally friendly refrigerants and compare them to HFC-245fa. The coefficient of performance (COP) and total exergy destruction represented the performance of the system, while the total equivalent warming impact was used to evaluate the environmental effect of each refrigerant. At an evaporation temperature of 50°C, HCFO-1224yd(Z) and HCFO-1233zd(E) showed comparable performance to R245fa, with COP values of about 2.74 and 2.69, respectively (R245fa had a COP value of about 2.66). The same results were also obtained at evaporation temperatures of 60°C and 70°C, at which R1224yd showed good performance compared to R1233zd and R245fa with COP values of 3.6 for 50oC evaporation temperature and 4.75 for 70oC evaporation temperature. Additionally, both suggested refrigerants had low direct emission compared to R245fa based on the results from the environmental analysis.
COP; Energy; Exergy; Heat pump; Low global warming potential; Total equivalent warming impact
The world demand for energy is constantly
increasing (Yabase et al., 2016), and according to the Ministry of Indonesia,
fossil energy is still the primary energy consumed, with a growth rate of 7%
per year (Fuadi et al., 2019). The need for cooling and air conditioning
systems also continues to increase (Beshr et al., 2016); based on research
studies, 40% of the total energy used comes from HVAC systems (Omer, 2008). These
systems have a negative impact on the environment, as refrigerants used in the
system usually contain hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC;
Djubaedah et al., 2018), both of which cause global warming and can damage the ozone
layer (Fukuda et al., 2014). The UNEP Ozone Secretariat banned the use of CFCs
and HCFCs as refrigerants because of this damage to the ozone layer and recommended
hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants instead.
However, research has shown that HFC refrigerants have a high global warming
potential, so the Kyoto Protocol regulations were issued to prohibit the use of
HFC refrigerants (Beshr et al., 2016).
As seen above, energy and the environment are interrelated, so
environmental aspects must be is
The used of low global warming
potential (GWP) refrigerant could be an option to minimize the effect of the
system on the environment (Nasruddin et al., 2017; Aisyah et al., 2018; Aisyah
et al., 2019). Mastrullo et al. (2016) conducted a simple model for the thermal
cabin system to compare the energy consumption and total equivalent warming
impact (TEWI) value of R134a to the new environmentally friendly refrigerants
R1234yf and R1234ze. The results showed that the R1234ze refrigerant has a
smaller impact on the environment than R1234yf and is the best alternative
refrigerant for R134a (Mastrullo et al., 2016). Aisyah et al. (2019) evaluated the use of low GWP refrigerants, including R1234ze and
R1234yf, in a vapor compression heat pump system. The results showed that both
refrigerants have a comparable performance to R410a (Aisyah et al., 2018).
Beshr et al. (2016) investigated the potential of two low GWP refrigerants,
N-40 and L-41a, as alternatives to R410A. Using the Life Cycle Cost Plan (LCCP)
method, they found that both refrigerants have low environmental impact values
and are environmentally friendly refrigerants suitable for replacing R410A
(Beshr et al., 2016).
This study performed an evaluation of
the use of R1224yd and R1233zd in a high-temperature heat pump system. Both
refrigerants were considered to meet all aspects required for the next
generation of refrigerant. R1224yd refrigerants have been referred as one of
the candidates to replace current refrigerants with high GWP values (Watanabe
et al., 2017). However, very few studies have introduced the use of R1224yd and
R1233zd as working fluids in refrigeration systems. Thus, examining this
refrigerant for the heat pump system was the novelty of this study. In this
study, the heat pump system was modeled using MATLAB 2017a software and REFPROP
ver. 10. Energy, exergy, and environmental analyses were carried out to determine
the feasibility of both refrigerants to replace R245fa in a high-temperature
heat pump system.
This study modeled a solar-assisted heat pump system
to recover waste heat. Two alternative refrigerants, R1224yd and R1233zd, were evaluated
through energy, exergy, and environmental analysis. The results showed that
both alternative refrigerants performed comparably to R245fa in terms of COP
and total exergy destruction. At an evaporation temperature of 50°C, R1224yd
and R1233zd showed comparable performance to R245fa, with COP values of about
2.74 and 2.69, respectively (R245fa had a COP of about 2.66). The same results were
also obtained at evaporation temperatures of 60°C and 70°C; R1224yd showed better
performance compared to R1233zd and R245fa with COP values of 3.6 for 50oC
evaporation temperature and 4.75 for 70oC
evaporation temperature. An environmental
analysis was also performed. Based on the TEWI analysis, both R1224yd and
R1233zd had lower CO2 emission compared to R245fa. Therefore, from both
a performance and environmental perspective, R1224yd and R1233zd could
substitute for R245fa as working fluids for heat pump systems.
This research was funded by a grant from Ministry of
Higher Education of Indonesia with the Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan
Tinggi (PDUPT) Research Grant No. NKB-1650/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019.
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