Adaptive Redundancy-Based Transmission for Wireless Sensor Networks
Corresponding email: ngjinren@gmail.com
Published at : 29 Nov 2019
Volume : IJtech
Vol 10, No 7 (2019)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i7.3248
NG, J.R., Goh, V.T., Yap, T.T.V., Shuib, M.K., 2019. Adaptive Redundancy-Based Transmission for Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Technology. Volume 10(7), pp. 1355-1364
| JIN REN NG | Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia |
| Vik Tor Goh | Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia |
| Timothy Tzen Vun Yap | Faculty of Computing & Informatics, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia |
| Mustaffa Kamal Shuib | Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are built upon tens to thousands
of sensor nodes dispersed across a geographical area. Most sensor nodes have
limited on-board resources, such as limited computing capabilities and limited
power. These issues can reduce the reliability of the sensor nodes, which, in
turn, affects the robustness of the WSN as a whole. One of the components that
can be affected is the data transmission system of the sensor nodes. We propose
a reliable transport layer protocol that uses a combination of redundant
packets and probabilistic transmission to ensure reliable transmission of data
while maintaining the efficiency of the network. The proposed protocol does not
require acknowledgement packets, such as the transmission control protocol
(TCP) and yet its efficiency is similar to that of the user datagram protocol
(UDP). In this paper, we explain the proposed protocol and demonstrate how it
can achieve 7% improvements in reliability while maintaining 77% efficiency
compared to UDP.
Efficiency; Redundancy-based; Reliability; Wireless sensor network
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network system consisting
of tens to thousands of wirelessly connected sensor nodes. These nodes collect
data from the environment and send them to the receiver nodes. A receiver node
is also known as a sink. It is used to receive and store the data collected
from the sensor nodes. A typical WSN consists of multiple sensor nodes and one
sink. The sensor nodes are dispersed across an area of interest, where the
nodes will self-organize to form a wireless communication network. Since a
single sensor node only contributes information about its immediate
surroundings, multiple nodes collaborate with one another to provide better
coverage over a large area.
Although WSNs can consist of only a few nodes (e.g., less than
10), their potential lies in scenarios where many nodes are deployed to monitor
a large geographical area. This type of network is deployed to minimize
manpower in monitoring a specific area. In certain cases, WSNs are deployed at
ecologically sensitive or geographically restricted areas that are difficult
for humans to access. For example, sensor nodes are deployed deep in forests,
on top of mountains, and even on the slopes of hills. The remote locations and
difficult operating conditions affect the
We have proposed a probabilistic redundancy-based
protocol (Redundant-Probabilistic-Optimized)
that is adaptive to one of the dynamic behaviors of WSN: varying noise levels.
The proposed protocol would be able to choose the proper probability of sending
duplicate copies of each packet according to the surrounding noise level. The
usage of redundant packets would eventually improve the reliability, but it
also reduces the overall efficiency of the protocol. In our proposed Redundant-Probabilistic-Optimized
protocol, we can achieve the optimum result for both reliability and efficiency
as compared to other protocols. In addition, our proposed Redundant-Probabilistic-Optimized protocol has been proven to be
adaptable to the variation of noise levels in terms of energy consumption. In
the future, we plan to study other dynamic behaviors of WSN and include more
parameters in the creation of the probabilistic redundancy-based protocol, such
as the surrounding temperature. Additionally, we will also evaluate the
protocol in a larger network and consider sending more than two copies of a
packet for increased reliability
Financial support from the
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research Grant
Scheme with grant number FRGS/1/2015/SG07/MMU/02/1 is gratefully acknowledged.
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