Analysis of the Static Behavior of a New Landing Gear Model based on a Four-bar Linkage Mechanism
Published at : 16 Dec 2019
Volume : IJtech
Vol 10, No 8 (2019)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i8.3486
Son, L., Adipta, K.E., Bur, M., 2019. Analysis of the Static Behavior of a New Landing Gear Model based on a Four-bar Linkage Mechanism . International Journal of Technology. Volume 10(8), pp. 1609-1617
| Lovely Son | Structural Dynamic Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Andalas, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia |
| Kevin Eldyf Adipta | Structural Dynamic Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Andalas, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia |
| Mulyadi Bur | Structural Dynamic Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Andalas, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia |
A landing gear model using a four-bar linkage
mechanism is proposed in this study. The simulation study was conducted to
evaluate the effect of the link dimension variation and coil spring constant on
the equivalent stiffness and static deflection of the landing gear. The
simulation results show that increasing the landing gear dimension affects the
static deflection of the landing gear. However, the linear stiffness of the
landing gear system is not much affected by the landing gear dimension
variation. Furthermore, the landing gear stiffness characteristic is nonlinear
for large landing gear displacement.
Dynamic; Impact; Landing gear; Simulation; Vibration
Unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs), also known as drones, are pilotless aircraft controlled remotely using
a computer or radio controller (RC). They are created with various sizes,
designs, and purposes and can fly autonomously using a pre-flight path planning
program (Yao et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2016; Sutresman
et al., 2017). Given their sophistication and technological ease, UAVs are
widely used in areas such as monitoring, mapping, search and rescue operations,
goods shipping, civil infrastructure inspection, and military weapons (Jha,
2009; Sung, 2014).
One of the most important components in UAVs is the
landing gear system. Generally, a landing gear system consists of shock
absorbers, steering, a shimmy control, wheels, and brakes (Prasad &
Gangadharan, 2015). The landing gear system is used to hold the UAV load during
parking and taxiing (Bahkali, 2013) as well as to reduce the force transmission
and acceleration of a UAV body during landing. Furthermore, it must keep the
UAV wheel in contact with the ground for steering stability. These important
features should be considered in designing an optimum UAV landing gear system.
Different types and characteristics of UAV landing
gear systems depend on a number of factors, including UAV weight, stiffness,
and vibration characteristics. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate
UAV landing gear system performance in reducing impact-induced vibration during
landing. An interesting feature is landing gear stability during braking and
maneuvering on the ground, which can be improved by using longer axles, stiffer
springs, a smaller wheel mass, and lower aircraft landing speeds (Sadrey, 2012).
Although high stiffness in the landing
gear system is very necessary for aircraft stability, this
Effective shock isolation performance in a landing
gear system is normally achieved by increasing the energy storage capacity of
the landing gear elastic element; however, the significant energy storage
requires large deformations of the landing gear, and space is normally limited.
In addition, the landing gear structure must be able to dissipate the impact
energy to reduce residual vibrations. An alternative method to reduce vibration
response is to increase the structural damping using fiber reinforced materials
(Murali et al., 2014). Active vibration control methods have proposed by
researchers to attenuate vibration response occurred in mechanical systems. Mohebbi and Hashemi (2016) proposed an active vibration
control technique for reducing the vibration response of an unbalanced rotary
engine. In his study, the unbalanced rotary engine was modeled by a one-degree
of freedom vibration system. The application of the active vibration control to
a two-degree of freedom unbalanced engine model was also proposed by Mohebbi and
Hashemi (2017).
Shock vibration
isolation systems with nonlinear elements have been used by several researchers
to improve shock isolation performance. Snowdon (1963) was one of the first to
investigate the shock isolation characteristics of nonlinear elements. Much
later, Carrella
et al. (2008) proposed a high-static and
low-dynamic stiffness isolator using a combination of linear springs. Meanwhile,
Son et al. (2019) have found that the stiffness nonlinearities could be
advantageous in reducing impact induced vibration in terms of rebound
displacement and acceleration response in comparison with linear elastic
elements.
In this study,
the static analysis of a landing gear system based on a four-bar linkage
mechanism is performed. The simulation study was conducted to evaluate the
effects of spring stiffness and the landing gear dimension variation on the
nonlinear characteristic and the static deflection of the landing gear system.
A new model for a UAV
landing gear system using a four-bar
linkage mechanism has been proposed here, and static
analysis was conducted to evaluate the
stiffness characteristic and static deflection of the landing gear. Several
conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) The
stiffness characteristic of the four-bar linkage mechanism landing gear system
is nonlinear; (2)
The nonlinear behavior of the landing
gear system with a high-static stiffness and low-dynamic stiffness
characteristic can improve the dynamic response of the landing gear; (3)
Increasing the landing gear dimension does not much affect the linear stiffness. However, it can increase the static displacement of the
landing gear.
This
research is partly funded by the Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University.
The researcher gives thanks for the financial support provided to develop this
project.
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