The Effect of Beauveria bassiana on the Effectiveness of Nicotiana tabacum Extract as Biopesticide Against Hypothenemus hampei to Robusta Coffee
Correction for this article:
Corrigendum to: The Effect of Beauveria bassiana on the Effectiveness of Nicotiana tabacum Extract as Biopesticide Against Hypothenemus hampei to Robusta CoffeePublished at: 22 Apr 2024
Corresponding email: misrigozan@gmail.com
Published at : 28 Jan 2019
Volume : IJtech
Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i1.2215
Haryuni., Dewi, T.S.K., Suprapti, E., Rahman, S.F., Gozan, M., 2019. The Effect of Beauveria bassiana on the Effectiveness of Nicotiana tabacum Extract as Biopesticide Against Hypothenemus hampei to Robusta Coffee. International Journal of Technology. Volume 10(1), pp. 159-166
| Haryuni | Faculty of Agriculture, Tunas Pembangunan University, Balekambang Lor No.1, Manahan Surakarta 57139, Central Java, Indonesia |
| Tyas Sumarah Koernia Dewi | Faculty of Agriculture, Tunas Pembangunan University, Balekambang Lor No.1, Manahan Surakarta 57139, Central Java, Indonesia |
| Endang Suprapti | Faculty of Agriculture, Tunas Pembangunan University, Balekambang Lor No.1, Manahan Surakarta 57139, Central Java, Indonesia |
| Siti Fauziyah Rahman | Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
| Misri Gozan | Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia |
This study examined the effect of the addition of Beauvaria bassiana on the effectiveness of Nicotiana tabacum extract as a biopesticide against coffee berry borer (CBB) or Hypothenemus hampei. A six months field experiment was carried out to examine the combined biopesticide effect on robusta coffee plantation. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used as a model for this experiment that consists of two factors. The first factor was the composition of Beauveria bassiana in water (0 to 320 g), while the second factor was Nicotiana tabacum extract composition in water (10 to 30 mL). The results showed that the dosage of Beauveria bassiana had a significant effect on tobacco biopesticide extract on the percentage and the intensity of CBB attacks. The combination of 320 g Beauveria bassiana /8 L of water and 30 mL Nicotiana tabacum extract/10 L of water, in our experiments (B4T3) could reduce the percentage and intensity of coffee fruit attacked by CBB to 1.54% and 0.33%, respectively.
Beauveria bassiana; Hypothenemus hampei; Nicotiana tabacum; Robusta Coffee
Coffee is one of the important plantation commodities that have high economic value in Indonesia (Rahardjo, 2012). The major problems in coffee plantation are low productivity and quality. Coffee production is influenced by the suitability of the growing environment, cultivation techniques, varieties, and the presence of plant-disturbing organisms. Coffee berry borer (CBB) is one of the causes in low production and quality. In addition, CBB attacks the coffee when it is stored. CBB attacks the young to old berries, causing perforated seeds. This also affects the quality of coffee produced.
Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogenic fungi that potentially developed as an alternative biological control for CBB. B. bassiana infection develops causing cell function damage. The toxins produced by B. bassiana are beauvericin, beauveroulite, bassianaliti, isorolite, and oxalic acid. The toxins play a role in damaging the digestive tract, muscles,
The use of synthetic pesticides is more effective; however, it is harmful to the environment and human body. Nowadays, the biological control of CBB pests is developed in Indonesia as a result of increasing demand for bio-coffee. Biological control agents are able to control CBB pests, relatively safe, and easy to use. Tobacco biopesticide (Fauzantoro et al., 2017; Wijanarko et al., 2017) is one of the biological control agents that expected to control the CBB attacks.
The advantages of biopesticides are that it is easily degraded, leaves no long-term residue, is fast acting, has low mammalian toxicity, and low phytotoxicity. Tobacco can be used as insecticide because it contains nicotine, D-limonene, and pyridine (Gozan et al., 2014). Pyrolysis and reflux extraction methods have been used to increase the yield of bio-oil as biopesticide from Nicotiana tabacum (Gozan et al., 2014; Purwanto et al., 2015; Supramono et al., 2016; Fauzantoro et al., 2017). Nicotine alkaloid, nicotine sulfate, and other nicotine content are used as contact poison, fumigant, and stomach toxins (Hasanah et al., 2012). Nicotine as the fumigant will evaporate and penetrate into the integument of insects causing death (Matsumura, 1975).
The content of tobacco extract (Fathi et al., 2018) is an active compound, such as terpenoids. Terpenoids have a bitter taste and antifeedant that can inhibit normal feeding behavior of insects (Gozan et al., 2014). Terpenoids are also insect repellents. This compound acts as a stomach poison through food into the gastrointestinal tract (Jumar, 2000). These compounds affect the function of nerves because they inhibit cholinesterase enzymes, causing impaired transmission that decreases the coordination of muscle work and then death (Foster et al., 2011; Afifah et al., 2015). Terpenoid mechanisms start by inhibiting the arrangement of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the insect muscle system, then stimulate muscle contraction resulting in paralysis and death (Pu’u, 2010).
Our observation showed that the highest percentage of coffee beans attacked by CBB was 15.98% (B0T1); while the highest intensity of CBB attacks was 12.51% (B0T1). The combination of 320 g Beauveria bassiana /8L of water and 30 mL Nicotiana tabacum extract /10L of water, in our experiments (B4T3) could reduce the percentage and intensity of coffee fruit attacked by CBB to 1.54% and 0.33%, respectively
The authors acknowledge the research funding from the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education through Decentralization Scheme No. 009/K6/ KM/SP2H/RESEARCH/2017. The authors also gratefully thank the funding from USAID through the CDSR SHERA program (4495/UN2.F4.D/PPM/2017). We thank Siti Fauziyah Rahman, Ahmad Fauzantoro Sapto Priyadi and Achmadi Priyatmodjo for technical supports.
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