TY - JOUR T1 - Towards Reliable Osteoarthritis Classification: Fine-Tuned Convolutional Neural Networks, Vision Transformers, and Ensemble Learning Approaches AU - Israa S. Abed,Abeer Twakol Khalil,Hanan M. Amer,Mohamed Maher Ata,Samer Mahmoud Mohamed Ali JO - International Journal of Technology VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 291 EP - 319 PY - 2026 DA - 2026/01/28 SN - 2087-2100 DO - https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v17i1.8007 UR - https://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/8007